Q) Analyze the condition of external trade in Ancient Assam ?
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Economy of Assam
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The Economy of Assam is largely agriculture based with 69% of the population engaged in it.
Economy ofAssamStatisticsGDP₹4.09 lakh crore (US$57 billion) (2019–20)[1]GDP rank17th
GDP growth
8.5% (2019-20 est.)[2]
GDP per capita
₹119,155 (US$1,700) (2019–20)[3] [4]
GDP per capita rank
22nd
GDP by sector
Agriculture 17%
Industry 39%
Services 44% (2019-20)[5]
Population below poverty line
 31.98% in poverty (2017–18)[6]
Human Development Index
 0.614 medium (2018) (30th)Unemployment 4.0% (Nov 2020)[7]Public finances
Public debt
19.5% of GSDP (2020-21 est.)[5]
Budget balance
₹−9,383 crore (US$−1.3 billion) (2.3% of GSDP) (2020-21 est.)Revenues₹92,231 crore (US$13 billion) (2020-21 est.)[5]Expenses₹1.03 lakh crore (US$14 billion) (2020-21 est.)[5]

The per capita income of Assam was higher than the national average soon after Indian Independence. But it has slipped since, and the difference has become larger since liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1980s.
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Macro-economic trendEdit
Economy of Assam today represents a unique juxtaposition of backwardness amidst plenty.[8] Growth rate of Assam's income has not kept pace with that of India's during the Post-British Era; differences increased rapidly since the 1970s.[9] While the Indian economy grew at 6 percent per annum over the period of 1981 to 2000, the same of Assam's grew only by 3.3 percent.[10] In the Sixth Plan period Assam experienced a negative growth rate of 3.78 percent against a growth rate of 6 percent of India's.[9] In the post-liberalised era (after 1991), the gaps between growth rates of Assam's and India's economy widened further.
In the current decade, according to recent analysis, Assam's economy is showing signs of improvement. In the year 2001–2002, the economy grew in 1993-94 constant prices at 4.5 percent, falling to 3.4 percent in the next financial year.[11] During 2003-2004 and 2004–2005, in the same constant prices, the economy grew more satisfactorily at 5.5 and 5.3 percent respectively.[11] The advanced estimates placed the growth rate for the year 2005–2006 at above 6 percent.[12]
In the 1950s, soon after the independence, per capita income in Assam was little higher than that in India;[13] it is much lower today. In the year 2000–2001, per capita income in Assam was INR 6,157 at constant prices (1993–94) and INR 10,198 at current prices, which is almost 40 percent lower than that in India.[14] According to the recent estimates,[12] per capita income in Assam at 1993-94 constant prices has reached INR 6520 in 2003-2004 and INR 6756 in 2004–2005, which is still much lower than the same of India.
This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Assam at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.
YearGross State Domestic Product198025,160198556,7301990106,2101995194,1102000314,760
Assam's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $13 billion in current prices.
Sectoral analysis again exhibits a dismal picture. The average annual growth rate of agriculture, which was only 2.6 percent per annum over 1980s fellto 1.6 percent in the 1990s.[15] The manufacturing sector showed some improvement in the 1990s with a growth rate of 3.4 percent per annum than 2.4 percent in the 1980s.[15] In the past five decades, the tertiary sector has registered the highest growth rates than the primary and secondary sectors, which have slowed more in the 1990s than in the 1980s.[15]