Question

Q: describe the rise of Napoleon. what reforms were done by him?

Q: explain the emergence of third estate in France.

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Answer 1

Answer:

(1) Napoleonic code- One of Napoleon's most important reforms, this set of laws included such freedoms as equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and the abolition of feudalism. Even though the Napoleonic Code gave many rights to the French it also took some away.

(2) Third Estate, French Tiers État, in French history, with the nobility and the clergy, one of the three orders into which members were divided in the pre-Revolutionary Estates-General. .

Answer 2

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Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as a military dictator in culmination of the following circumstances:

i) The fall of the Jacobin government and the subsequent ascendancy of the wealthier class.

ii) Introduction of a new constitution with the provision of two legislative councils along with denial of rights to the non-propertied classes.

iii) Appointment of a directory as an executive made up of five members in order to prevent concentration of power in one person like Robespierre during Jacobin rule.

iv) Political instability caused by the clashes among the Directors and the Legislative Councils who sought to dismiss them. This political instability led to the rise of military dictator Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804.

Napoleonic code- One of Napoleon's most important reforms, this set of laws included such freedoms as equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and the abolition of feudalism. Even though the Napoleonic Code gave many rights to the French it also took some away.

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Third Estate, French Tiers État, in French history, with the nobility and the clergy, one of the three orders into which members were divided in the pre-Revolutionary Estates-General. It represented the great majority of the people, and its deputies’ transformation of themselves into a National Assembly in June 1789 marked the beginning of the French Revolution.