Q. Explain different method used to separate the components of a mixture, with diagrams.
Answers
Answer:-
Mixtures can be separated using a variety of techniques. Chromatography involves solvent separation on a solid medium. Distillation takes advantage of differences in boiling points. Evaporation removes a liquid from a solution to leave a solid material.
For example: if a mixture is made by mixing water and sugar then the mixtures maintain the properties of both the elements.
Types of mixtures:-
- Homogeneus mixture: These are the type of mixture in which two or more compounds mixed are distributed uniformly throghout the mixture.
For example: Air and saline solution.
- Heterogeneus mixture: These are the type of mixture which two or more compounds are mixed unevenly or unequally.
For example: Oil in water and sand in water.
Methods of sepration of mixtures:-
The process or methods of separation of different components of a mixture by the physical method is known as the separation of mixtures.
Different way of separating mixtures:-
- Separating funnel
- Chromatography
- Evaporation
- Simple distillation
- Fractional distillation
- Centrifugation
Separating funnel: A funnel usually in the shape of a globe or cylinder provided with a stopcock for drawing off the lower layer of a mixture of immiscible liquids.
Chromatography: A process in which a chemical mixture carried by a liquid or gas is separated into components as a result of differential distribution of the solutes as they flow around or over a stationary liquid or solid phase.
Evaporation: A process of changing from a liquid or solid state into vapor (like fog, mist, or steam). Evaporation is a noun form of the verb evaporate. Both terms are typically used in the context of water turning into water vapor.
Simple distillation: A process that consists of driving gas or vapor from liquids or solids by heating and condensing to liquid products and that is used especially for purification, fractionation, or the formation of new substances.
Fractional distillation: A process by which a chemical compound is separated into components by distillation. In fractional distillation the compound is heated and, as each of its constituent components comes to a boil, its vapors are separated and cooled, so it can be removed in its pure form.
Centrifugation: A process that uses centrifugal force for the separation of two liquids in a mixture. In this process, denser component of the mixture migrates away from the axis and lighter component migrates towards the axis.
