Q.Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) PropanalandPropanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone.
(vii) EthanalandPropanal
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Chemical test to distinguish between propanal and propanone: Propanal has an aldehydic functional group and propanone is a methyl ketone. The structures of propanal and propanone are as follows: Propanone on reaction with sodium hypoiodite forms a yellow coloured precipitate of iodoform.
Acetophenone is a methyl ketone, whereas benzophenone is a phenyl ketone. Therefore, acetophenone gives a positive iodoform test by giving a yellow precipitate of iodoform with an alkaline solution of iodine. Whereas, benzophenone gives a negative test.
Benzoic acid and Phenol : Benzoic acid and phenol can be distinguish by FeCl3 tests. Both reacts with FeCl3 to give different colours. Phenol reacts with FeCl3 to give violet coloured precipitate while benzoic acid give buff coloured precipitate.
i) Pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one can be distinguished by iodoform test. Pentan-2-one is a methyl ketone. Thus, it responds to this test. But pentan-3-one not being a methyl ketone does not respond to this test.
Benzaldehyde and acetophenone can be distinguished by the following tests. Aldehydes respond to Tollen's test. Benzaldehyde being an aldehyde reduces Tollen's reagent to give a red-brown precipitate of Cu2O, but acetophenone being a ketone does not.
The best way to distinguish between ethanal and propanal is iodoform test; Ethanal responds to the iodoform test whereas propanal does not respond to the iodoform test. Ethanal and propanal are simple aldehyde compounds.
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Explanation:
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