Question

Q. Intensity of symptoms of acute disease and chronic disease

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Answer 1

Acute disease

Acute disease is a condition or a disorder that comes on or onsets rapidly and lasts for a shorter period of time.

• The period of time associated with acute diseases varies with the type of illness and the context, but it is always quantitatively shorter in time when compared to chronic diseases.
• The term ‘acute’ is also associated with diseases where the onset is rather sudden and occurs rapidly.
• The severity of acute diseases is mostly fulminant, even though it is not always accurate as in the case of acute rhinitis, which is synonymous with the common cold.
• However, diseases like acute respiratory diseases are mostly fulminant and result in severe consequences.
• Acute diseases are caused mostly by an infectious agent, and thus acute conditions appear in many communicable diseases.
• In addition to the sudden onset of the disease, acute diseases also worsen more rapidly than chronic conditions.
• Acute diseases might affect or occur in all systems throughout the body. But they only affect just one system at a time.
• The treatment associated with acute diseases also differs depending on the nature of the disease.
• Acute diseases like appendicitis, strep throat, and influenza do not require hospitalization or intensive medical treatment. In contrast, diseases like pneumonia and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), although they are acute, do require immediate medical attention and extended treatment.
• These diseases also do not commonly have long term health effects and can be treated once and for all.
• Sometimes, the diseases might be caused by a simple change in diet like typhoid is caused by drinking polluted water, which can simply be avoided by opting for a cleaner water source.

Chronic disease

Chronic disease is a condition or a disorder that persists for a longer period of time or has long-lasting health effects.

• As in acute disease, chronic diseases cannot be defined by a particular period of time and are mostly used while comparing them to acute diseases.
• However, sometimes, a disease lasting for a period of 3 three months is considered a chronic illness.
• The term ‘terminal’ disease is used for diseases that are chronic with high chances of ending with death because there are no effective medications available against them.
• Chronic diseases tend to be more severe as they progress, which occurs over a period of months and most years.
• Chronic diseases also affect multiple systems in the body and are not always fully responsive to treatments.
• Chronic conditions are often associated with non-communicable diseases as the causes are mostly non-infectious.
• Most of these diseases are not caused by an infectious agent and are often caused due to poor lifestyle or health choices.
• These are caused due to unhealthy behavioral and eating habits persisting for an extended period of time.
• Some chronic diseases might have a period of remissions or relapse during where the disease might be temporarily absent.
• The risk factors associated with chronic diseases are different for different diseases, but some of the common risk factors include dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic factors.
• The severity of most chronic diseases is not fulminant. However, patients with chronic conditions become prone to acquiring fatal acute diseases.
• Because treatment is mostly not effective against chronic disease, prevention is considered to be more advantageous.
• This can be achieved by regular screening for the existence of predisposing factors which helps in early detection, severely reducing the harmful outcomes.

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Answer 2

Answer:

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