Q.No 1 What does the term ‘executive’ mean ? 3 marks
Q.No 2 Enumerate the main features of the Presidential system of the executive ? 3 marks
Q.No 3 Why do we need a parliament ? 3 marks
Q.No 4 Why we need constrains on freedom ? 3 marks
Q.No 5 What are the source constrains on freedom ? 3 marks
Q.No 6 Explain the various power of the Indian president ? 5 marks
Q.No 7 Compare parliamentary and presidential system of Government 5marks
Q.No 8 Compare of the powers of the Lok Sabha with Rajya Sabha 5 marks
Q.No 9 Explain the harm principle propounded by J.S. Mill 5marks
Q.No 10 Difference between negative liberty and positive liberty 5 marks
Answers
1) executive, In politics, a person or persons constituting the branch of government charged with executing or carrying out the laws and appointing officials, formulating and instituting foreign policy, and providing diplomatic representation.
2)
a) The executive (President) can veto acts by the legislature.
b) The President has a fixed tenure and cannot be
removed by a vote of no-confidence in the legislature.
c) Generally, the President has the power to pardon or commute judicial sentences awarded to criminals.
d) The President is elected directly by the people or by an electoral college.
3) The Parliament enables citizens of India to participate in decision making and control the government.
4) a) Constraints are necessary to develop respect for views and beliefs of others.
b) It is necessary for the creation of a society.
c) Absence of constraint would lead to imposition of beliefs and ideas of stronger groups eventually leading to conflict.
d) Constraints are required to control violence and settle disputes.
5) There are political, economic, social and cultural constraints on the freedom of individuals. Economic disparity, social norms, political participation serve as constraints on freedom. Restrictions on the freedom of individuals may come from external control.
6) The president is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The president can declare war or conclude peace, on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the president's name.
7) A representative democracy can be divided into Parliamentary and Presidential democracy. A presidential system, also known as a single executive system, is a form of government in which the president heads an executive branch that is independent of the legislative branch whereas a parliamentary system, often known as parliamentary democracy, is a form of democratic administration in which the executive gains political legitimacy by commanding the support of the legislative, usually a parliament, to whom it is accountable.
8) The main difference between these two houses of Parliament is in their powers and functions. The Lok Sabha has a five-year term and then dissolves, whereas the Rajya Sabha is a permanent house with one-third of its members retiring every two years.
9) The harm principle says people should be free to act however they wish unless their actions cause harm to somebody else. The principle is a central tenet of the political philosophy known as liberalism and was first proposed by English philosopher John Stuart Mill.
10) Positive liberty is the possession of the capacity to act upon one's free will, as opposed to negative liberty, which is freedom from external restraint on one's actions.