Question

Q. The ground state free-icon term-symble for
V3+ icon is 1) 3f2 (2) 3f4 (3)2d3/2 (4) 5do​

Answer 1

Answer:

answer will be 3 F2... for normal multiplet lowest J values will have lowest energy..

Answer 2

Concept:

The common atomic term symbols are based on LS coupling (also known as Russell–Saunders coupling or spin-orbit coupling). Hund's rule allows for the prediction of the ground state term symbol.

Given:

The ion is V³⁺.

Find:

Find the ground state free-ion term symbol for V³⁺ ion.

Solution:

V³⁺ represents vanadium in a +3 oxidation state.

The ground state electronic configuration of vanadium is 3d³ 4s².

The electronic configuration of vanadium in the +3 oxidation state is 3d² 4s⁰.

The term symbol can be written as (2S+1)(L)(J).

For L,

• L = 2+1 = 3
• The value of L= 3 represents f-orbital.

For 2S+1,0

• It has 2 unpaired electrons in the d-orbital so the spin of each electron is half i.e., 1/2.
• The spin (S) of two electrons is 1 i.e., (1/2 + 1/2).
• The spin multiplicity = 2S+1 = 2*1 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3

For J,  

• As the d-orbital is less than half-filled so J value can be calculated as,
• J = L + S = 3 + 1 = 4

Thus, the ground state free-ion term symbol for V³⁺ ion is 3f4.

Hence, the correct option is (2) 3f4.

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