Question

Q U E S T I O N S

What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism
have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide
energy in various organisms?
How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for
exchange of gases?

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Answer 1

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➪Terrestrial organisms breathe by using atmospheric oxygen whereas aquatic organism takes oxygen dissolved in water. A terrestrial animal has over an aquatic animal with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration. It's because the air in the atmosphere contains the maximum amount of oxygen.

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➪Different ways in which glucose breaks down.

Anaerobic Respiration. The anaerobic respiration process takes place in the absence of oxygen. ...

Aerobic Respiration.

In aerobic respiration, the breakdown of pyruvate occurs in oxygen to give rise to 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and water. ...

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➪The transport of gases during respiration, both oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried out by the blood cells. ... The transportation of gases is a very efficient process.

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➪in humans, a pair of lungs are designed in such a way that they are lined by a thin membrane, the smaller tubes called bronchioles a balloon-like structure called alveoli and a network of blood capillaries increase the surface area for the exchange of gases.

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Answer 2

ANSWER:

1) Aquatic animals utilize the oxygen dissolved in water. Since, the solubility of oxygen in water is less, there is not much oxygen available for aquatic organisms and so, they have to breathe at a faster rate. On the other hand, terrestrial animals take oxygen directly from atmosphere, so their rate of breathing is comparatively less.

2) There are two ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms:

(i) Anaerobic respiration: The respiration which takes place without oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.Example: Yeast and some bacteria break down glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

(ii) Aerobic respiration: The respiration which uses oxygen is called aerobic respiration.Example: Plants and animals break down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water to release.

3) Haemoglobin in red blood cells have large affinity for oxygen. It temporarily, combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin and thus, oxygen is carried from the lungs to various body parts. CO2 is highly soluble in water, so it is mostly transported in dissolved form in our blood plasma.

4) Within the lungs, bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes (bronchioles) and finally terminate in balloon-like structures called alveoli. The alveoli are made up of thin moist membranes which are richly supplied with blood and provide a very large surface area for the gaseous exchange.

Note - If the alveolar surface may spread out, it would cover about $80 {m}^{2}$ area.

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