Question

Q. Which of the following isn't included in the comprehensive Land Development programme of the 1980's and 1990's

A. Kissan credit card
B. Minimum support price
C. Personal Accident Insurance scheme
D. Fragmentation of land holdings.​

Answer 1

Fragmentation of land holdings wasn't included in the comprehensive land development programme of the 1980s and 1990s.

What is the fragmentation of land holdings:

• The dividing of land into a large number of different plots is known as land fragmentation (Dovring & Dovring, 1960). It's also a process of shrinking farm holdings' average size, increasing the dispersal of each farmer's property, and shrinking the size of individual plots inside a farm holding (Agarwal, 1972).

• While fragmentation lengthens the time it takes to move between a household's parcels, it appears to have little effect on farm technical efficiency. Fragmentation, on the other hand, decreases crop shocks while increasing yields and productivity.

Answer 2

Comprehensive Land Development programme of the 1980's and 1990's does not includes Fragmentation of Lands ( Option D).

What is Fragmentation of Land holdings ?

Since India's independence, fragmentation of land ownership has been a problem. The size of the farm plot decreases with each  generation, mainly due to inheritance rights. The land owned by the parent is inherited by the ward and  divided into fragments.  It includes a process that involves decrement in the size of individual plots.

There are four types of land fragmentation:-

1)    Ownership fragmentation = This type of land fragmentation involves various landowners among which a particular land is distributed leading to decrease in individual land ownership.

2)    Internal fragmentation = Internal  fragmentation  (within a  farm)  which  refers  to  the  number  of  parcels  exploited  by  each  user  and  considers parcel  size,  shape  and  distance  as  the  main  issues.

3)    Land user fragmentation = This fragmentation refers to the amount of users that are also tenants and working on a particular land.

4)    Separation of ownership and use = This fragmentation involves a discrepancy between the ownership and the use.

Fragmentation,  disparity  and  irregular  shapes  of  land  in  the  agricultural  enterprises  leads to  time  wastage and difficulty  in  machinery  use, inability  to  apply  modern  agricultural  technology,  waste  of  capital  and  labour,  loss  of soil  and  productivity  and  rising  land  conflicts.  So,  the  development  and  modernization of  the  agricultural  enterprises  have  a  very  slow  pace  because  of  such  problems.

Various technological and institutional reforms of Agriculture includes :-

•  Initiation and spread of Green revolution and White revolution to meet the demands of continuously growing population.
• Provision of crop insurance in case of any natural calamities like earthquake , cyclone and flood.
•   Establishment of Grameen banks , cooperative societies and banks  to provide proper loans to the farmers at minimal or no interest rate.
• Issuing of  Kissan credit card.
• Personal accident insurance scheme. ( It includes advantages of insurance that the farmers recieve during their personal illness or accidents . )
• Telecasting special agricultural programmes and weather forecasting news on radio and television for proper education of farmers.

Among all the given options , Fragmentation of lands (Option D) was not included in Land Development programmes.

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