Question

Q]. why does phenol doesn't react with NaHCO3?

Answer 1

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It makes it harder for the oxygen to steal the hydrogen's electrons and become O-. Sodium Bicarbonate is a weak base (Na+ HCO3-). So, it easily accepts protons when reacting with a stronger acid like a carbonic acid, but its not strong enough to pull the proton off phenol.



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Answer 2

Phenol is made of a benzene attached to an OH group. So, it is a BIG organic molecule, and a little non-polar group. The conjugated (or non-localised) electrons in the benzene ring pull electrons away from the OH group. It makes it harder for the oxygen to steal the hydrogen's electrons and become O-.

Sodium Bicarbonate is a weak base (Na+ HCO3-). So, it easily accepts protons when reacting with a stronger acid like a carbonic acid, but its not strong enough to pull the proton off phenol.

Using a stronger base, like NaOH, it can pull the proton off the phenol. Losing that proton would give the phenol group just enough charge to make the big organic molecule polar enough that it could interact with the water, making it solvable.