Question

Q. Why does the antibiotic Penicillin affect the bacterial cell not the human cell?
Q. Why do antibiotics not work against viral infections?

Answer 1

1)Human cells do not make or need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the final cross-linking step, or transpeptidation, in assembly of this macromolecule. The result is a very fragile cell wall that bursts, killing the bacterium.

2)Antibiotics are medicines that cannot kill viruses like the common cold, the flu, or COVID-19. Antibiotics fight bacteria, which are completely different from viruses in their structure and function.

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