Q: Write a report recommending to the environment agency of how you would manage flood risk.
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Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Flood risk management seeks to reduce the risk from flood events to the people who are located in floodprone areas. As indicated in earlier chapters, there is some level of risk to all locations within the floodplain. The magnitude of that risk is a function of the flood hazard, the characteristics of a particular location (its elevation, proximity to the river or coast, and susceptibility to fast-moving flows and surges, etc.), measures that have been taken to mitigate the potential impact of flooding, the vulnerability of people and property, and the consequences that result from a particular flood event. The initial risk is represented by the area’s characteristics without consideration of mitigation and risk transfer measures and the vulnerability of the population. Each mitigation and risk transfer measure reduces the overall risk to some degree, but it is impossible to completely eliminate risk. A flood risk management strategy identifies and implements measures that reduce the overall risk and what remains is the residual risk (Figure 6-1). In developing the strategy, those responsible judge the costs and benefits of each measure taken and their overall impact in reducing the risk. This chapter describes measures that can be used to reduce the risk behind levees.
Levees represent one method of reducing the impacts of flooding on a community or a region. Levees keep the floodwaters away from the area behind the levee until the point at which the levee is overtopped or fails and the area behind the levees is inundated and the people and property are affected. The risk to those behind levees is a function of the characteristics of the levee (height, strength), their location, and the mitigation and risk transfer measures and vulnerability reduction actions that they have taken or have been taken on their behalf. As has been previously discussed, every location within a floodplain, regardless of the presence or absence of a levee and whether or not the levee is accredited, is subject to some level of risk.
It is important for those located in the floodplain and those responsible for activity in the floodplain (public officials, investors, and those relying on activities in the floodplain, etc.) to ensure that those in the floodplain understand the nature of the risks they face and the steps that may be taken to reduce this risk. In communities that are part of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), those portions of the community located in the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) are subject to mandatory insurance purchase and special land-use requirements including minimum first-floor elevations for new construction. FEMA’s Community Rating System (CRS) identifies actions that can be taken by the community to reduce their risk and gives insurance premium reductions for communities that take appropriate mitigation actions.
Structure owners and occupants in NFIP communities who are not location in the SFHA, either outside of the one percent annual chance floodplain or behind an accredited levee, have no such federal restrictions even though