Question

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Q1.1. A bit stream 1011011 is transmitted using standard CRC. The generator polynomial is x3+x2+1. Show the actual bit stream transmitted also check error occurred at receiver end.​

Answer 1

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Given : A bit stream 1011011 is transmitted using

standard CRC. The generator polynomial Is x²+x+1.

To find: Show the actual bit stream transmitted also check error occurred at

receiver end. Solution:

1. The generator polynomial is x²-x²+1 is and it's bits can be written as 1101.

2. Generator polynomial consist of 4 bits thus a string of 000 is append to

3. Resulting bit stream is 1011011000. the bit stream to be transmitted.

4. Divide 1011011000 by 1101 to generate CRC bit

1 1 0 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

---

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1

0 0 0 1

Quotient of division is 110101 and Remainder Is 001.

Append these bits with message to be transmitted.

Thus,

The bits to be transmitted 1011011001.

At receiver end 1011011001 is divided by again 1101(Generator polynomial)

1 1 0 1

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

1 1 0 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 0 1

0 0 0

Thus,

Remainder Is 000.

Thus,

No error present in the received message.

Final answer:

1) Actual bitstream transmitted 1011011001.

2) No error occurred in the received message.

Note: In division XOR operation is performed in place of subtraction.

Answer 2

Your answer is in the attachment.