Q1. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
1. What does "Buddha" mean?
2. What are the four Aryan truths explained by Gautam Buddha known as?
3. In which language did Gautam Buddha and Mahavir Swami preach?
Q2. Answer in shorte
1. Gautam Buddha
2. Mahavir Swami
Answers
Answer:
What does "Buddha" mean?
A Buddha is a person that sees the world as it is without bias or clouded perception.
What are the four Aryan truths explained by Gautam Buddha known as?
The Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddhārtha Gautama or Buddha Shakyamuni) was a philosopher, mendicant, meditator, spiritual teacher, and religious leader who lived in Ancient India (c. 5th to 4th century BCE).
In which language did Gautam Buddha and Mahavir Swami preach?
The Buddha spoke in a language called Magadhi Prakrit. Magadhi Prakrit is the spoken language of the ancient Magadha kingdom, one of the 16 city-state kingdoms at the time, located in the eastern Indian subcontinent, in a region around modern-day Bihār, and spanning what is now eastern India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. The first Magadha king is Bimbisara (558 BC –491 BC), during whose reign the Buddha attained enlightenment.
Gautam Buddha
The Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddhārtha Gautama or Buddha Shakyamuni) was a philosopher, mendicant, meditator, spiritual teacher, and religious leader who lived in Ancient India (c. 5th to 4th century BCE).
Mahavir Swami
Mahavira's teachings were compiled by Gautama Swami, his Ganadhara (chief disciple). The canonical scriptures are in twelve parts. Mahavira's teachings were gradually lost after about 300 BCE, according to Jain tradition, when a severe famine in the Magadha kingdom dispersed the Jain monks.
Answer:
1. Buddhism is a philosophy of life expounded by Gautama Buddha ("Buddha" means "enlightened one"), who lived and taught in northern India in the 6th century B.C. The Buddha was not a god and the philosophy of Buddhism does not entail any theistic world view.
2. The term is used in the following contexts: The Four Noble Truths are called the catvāry ārya satyāni (Sanskrit) or cattāri ariya saccāni (Pali). The Noble Eightfold Path is called the ārya mārga (Sanskrit, also āryāṣṭāṅgikamārga) or ariya magga (Pāli). Buddha's Dharma and Vinaya are the ariyassa dhammavinayo.
3. Pali
The teachings of Mahavira were in the Prakrit language and that of the Gautama Buddha in Pali. They chose the language spoken by common people in order to reach them easily without the help of a translator.
Explanation:
Q2.
1. The Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddhārtha Gautama[note 3] or Buddha Shakyamuni) was a philosopher, mendicant, meditator, spiritual teacher, and religious leader who lived in Ancient India (c. 5th to 4th century BCE).[5][6][7][note 4] He is revered as the founder of the world religion of Buddhism, and worshipped by most Buddhist schools as the Enlightened One who has transcended Karma and escaped the cycle of birth and rebirth.[8][9][10] He taught for around 45 years and built a large following, both monastic and lay.[11] His teaching is based on his insight into duḥkha (typically translated as "suffering") and the end of dukkha – the state called Nibbāna or Nirvana.
The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life. According to Buddhist tradition, after several years of mendicancy, meditation, and asceticism, he awakened to understand the mechanism which keeps people trapped in the cycle of rebirth. The Buddha then traveled throughout the Ganges plain teaching and building a religious community. The Buddha taught a middle way between sensual indulgence and the severe asceticism found in the Indian śramaṇa movement.[12] He taught a spiritual path that included ethical training and meditative practices such as jhana and mindfulness. The Buddha also critiqued the practices of Brahmin priests, such as animal sacrifice.
2. Mahavira (Sanskrit: महावीर:), also known as Vardhamana was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. He was the spiritual successor of 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha.[9] Mahavira was born in the early part of the 6th century BCE into a royal Kshatriya Jain family in Bihar, India. His mother's name was Trishala and father's name was Siddhartha. They were lay devotees of Parshvanatha. Mahavira abandoned all worldly possessions at the age of about 30 and left home in pursuit of spiritual awakening, becoming an ascetic. Mahavira practiced intense meditation and severe austerities for 12 and half years, after which he attained Kevala Gyan (omniscience). He preached for 30 years and attained Moksha (salvation) in the 6th century BCE, although the year varies by sect.
Mahavira taught that observance of the vows of ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-attachment) are necessary for spiritual liberation. He taught the principles of Anekantavada (many-sided reality): syadvada and nayavada. Mahavira's teachings were compiled by Indrabhuti Gautama (his chief disciple) as the Jain Agamas. The texts, transmitted orally by Jain monks, are believed to have been largely lost by about the 1st century CE (when the remaining were first written down in the Svetambara tradition). The surviving versions of the Agamas taught by Mahavira are some of Svetambara Jainism's foundation texts, but their authenticity is disputed in Digambara Jainism.
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