Q1) define the following:-
1) land degradation
2) deforestation
3) soil erosion
4) land slides
5) desertification
6) Afforestation
7) Reforestation
8) Hazard Mapping
9) Land Reclamation
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SST Class 8 chapter-2 Land and Soil it's really urgent.
Answers
Answer:
(1) Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.
(2) Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides forest. This can include clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing. Forests cover more than 30% of the Earth's land surface, according to the World Wildlife Fund.
(3) Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of water (Figure 1) and wind (Figure 2) or through forces associated with farming activities such as tillage.
(4) landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity.
(5) Desertification. ... The United Nations' official definition says desertification is land degradation in typically dry areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities.
(6) Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees (forestation) in an area where there was no previous tree cover. Many government and non-governmental organizations directly engage in afforestation programs to create forests and increase carbon capture.
(7) Reforestation helps in preserving various species of animals and plants that are affected due to the deforestation process. ... The importance of reforestation is not only limited to the environment but also helps in preserving wildlife. Reforestation has the potential to restore various habitats and save many lives
(8) hazard map is a map that highlights areas that are affected by or are vulnerable to a particular hazard. They are typically created for natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, flooding and tsunamis. Hazard maps help prevent serious damage and deaths.
(9) Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill.