Q1. Define the following:-
(a) Electrolytes
(b) Electrolysis
(c) Strong and weak electrolytes.
Q2. What is voltaic cell? Who invented this? Write the construction and working of this.
Q3. Write the following:-
(a) On what factor chemical reaction taking place in solution depends?
(b) After electrolysis of water, on which electrode Oxygen and hydrogen bubbles formed?
Answers
Answer:
A) An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. The dissolved electrolyte separates into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent. Electrically, such a solution is neutral
Required solution :-
1. (a) Electrolytes
A substance that associates in water into charged particles is called as electrolytes. These electrolyte conducts electricity in the molten state or when dissolved in water.
They are crucial for us since:
- Muscle and nerve function.
- Keeping body fluids in their own compartments.
- Changes in body fluids.
(b) Electrolysis
Decomposing ionic compounds into their elements by passing a direct electric current through the compound is called as electrolysis. The ions towards the oppositely charged electrodes.
Factors affecting electrolysis:
- The nature
- Nature and state
- Nature and electrode potential of ions
- Overvoltage
(c) Strong electrolytes
They conduct electricity when it's dissolved in water. They have high electrical conductivity and are completely ionized.
Examples: Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid etc.
Weak electrolytes
These electrolytes ionizes to a small extent in solution. They are partially ionized and have low electrical conductivity.
Examples: Acetic acid, carbonic acid, ammonia, phosphoric acid etc.
2. Voltaic cell
A chemical energy that converts chemical energy of spontaneous redox reactions to generate electrical energy is known is voltaic cell.
There are four parts in a voltaic cell named:
- Anode
- Cathode
- Salt bridge
- Half-cells
- External circuit
- Load
Alessandro Volta is the first person who invented a voltaic cell.
Working of voltaic cell:
There are two different metal plates immersed in an acid solution.
When an electrode is exposed to the electrolyte at the electrode-electrolyte interface, the more reactive metal will have a tendency to dissolve in the electrolyte as positive metal ions, leaving electrons behind on the metal plate. Then the metal electrode will be negative.
The electrode at which oxidation takes place is called anode while the electrode at which reduction takes place is called cathode.
A potential difference develops between two electrodes of the galvanic cell.
Due to the potential difference, electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.
3. (a)
When the chemical reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants.
(b)
The oxide ions pass through the ceramic oxide to the anode to become oxygen gas.