Q1. Define the following:-
(a) Electrolytes
(b) Electrolysis
(c) Strong and weak electrolytes.
Q2. What is voltaic cell? Who invented this? Write the construction and working of this.
Q3. Write the following:-
(a) On what factor chemical reaction taking place in solution depends?
(b) After electrolysis of water, on which electrode Oxygen and hydrogen bubbles formed?
Answers
Answer:
are driven by a spontaneous chemical reaction that produces an electric current through an outside circuit. These cells are important because they are the basis for the batteries that fuel modern society. But they are not the only kind of electrochemical cell. The reverse reaction in each case is non-spontaneous and requires electrical energy to occur.
Introduction
The general form of the reaction can be written as:
Reactants⇌Products+Electrical EnergySpontaneous⟶⟵Non spontaneous(1)(1)Reactants⇌Products+Electrical EnergySpontaneous⟶⟵Non spontaneous
It is possible to construct a cell that does work on a chemical system by driving an electric current through the system. These cells are called electrolytic cells. Electrolytic cells, like galvanic cells, are composed of two half-cells--one is a reduction half-cell, the other is an oxidation half-cell. The direction of electron flow in electrolytic cells, however, may be reversed from the direction of spontaneous electron flow in galvanic cells, but the definition of both cathode and anode remain the same, where reduction takes place at the cathode and oxidation occurs at the anode. Because the directions of both half-reactions have been reversed, the sign, but not the magnitude, of the cell potential has been reversed.
Electrolytic cells are very similar to voltaic (galvanic) cells in the sense that both require a salt bridge, both have a cathode and anode side, and both have a consistent flow of electrons from the anode to the cathode. However, there are also striking differences between the two cells. The main differences are outlined below:
Answer:
1) a) A liquid that an electric current can pass through, especially in an electric cell or battery.
b) A way of separating a liquid into its different chemical parts by passing an electric current through it.
c) Electrolytes are substances which, when dissolved in water, break up into cations (plus-charged ions) and anions (minus-charged ions). We say they ionize. Strong electrolytes ionize completely (100%), while weak electrolytes ionize only partially (usually on the order of 1–10%).
2) Volta's invention was built on Luigi Galvani's 1780s discovery of how a circuit of two metals and a frog's leg can cause the frog's leg to respond. Volta demonstrated in 1794 that when two metals and brine-soaked cloth or cardboard are arranged in a circuit they produce an electric current.
3) a) Reactions occur when two reactant molecules effectively collide, each having minimum energy and correct orientation. Reactant concentration, the physical state of the reactants, and surface area, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst are the four main factors that affect reaction rate.
b) Hydrogen bubble plumes are generated from the cathode during electrolysis.
Explanation:
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