Q1: hi guys how many kings signed up for the third crusade?
picture below of richard the lionheart
Answers
Explanation:
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by three European monarchs of Western Christianity (Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade.[12]
Belligerents
Crusade:
Domains of Richard I of England
Kingdom of England
Duchy of Normandy
Duchy of Aquitaine
County of Anjou
County of Poitou
Duchy of Brittany
Kingdom of France
Duchy of Burgundy
County of Blois
County of Champagne
County of Flanders
Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Swabia
Duchy of Austria
Duchy of Bohemia
Landgraviate of Thuringia
Margraviate of Brandenburg
Margraviate of Montferrat
Margraviate of Baden
County of Holland
County of Holstein
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
Republic of Genoa
Republic of Pisa
Levantine Crusader states:
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Principality of Antioch
Military orders
Knights Templar
Knights Hospitaller
Teutonic Order
Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Order of St Lazarus
Eastern Christian allies:
Armenian Principality of Cilicia
Sunni Muslim states:
Ayyubid Sultanate
Sultanate of Egypt
Emirate of Damascus
Emirate of Hamah
Emirate of Mesopotamia
Sultanate of Rûm
Eastern Christian opponents:
Byzantine Empire
Crusaders:
Richard the Lionheart
Philip II of France
Hugh III of Burgundy †
Theobald V of Blois †
Henry II of Champagne
Philip of Flanders †
Frederick Barbarossa †
Frederick VI of Swabia †
Leopold V of Austria
Děpolt of Bohemia †
Louis III of Thuringia
Floris III of Holland
Herman IV of Baden
Adolf III of Holstein
Markward von Annweiler
Prince Géza of Hungary
Margaritus of Brindisi
Levantine Crusader states:
Guy of Lusignan
Conrad of Montferrat
Humphrey IV of Toron
Balian of Ibelin
Raymond III of Tripoli
Joscelin III of Edessa †
Military orders:
Robert de Sablé
Armengol de Aspa
Garnier de Nablus
Master Sibrand
Eastern Christian allies:
Leo of Armenia
Sunni Muslim forces:
Saladin
Al-Muzaffar Umar
Al-Adil I
Al-Afdal
Gökböri
Kilij Arslan II
Eastern Christian opponents:
Isaac II Angelos
Strength
36,000–74,000 troops in total (estimate)
8,000–9,000 Angevin (English, Normans, Aquitanians, Welsh, etc) troops with Richard I,[1] up to 17,000 or 50,000 according to some sources including non-combatants and sailors[2]
7,000+ French with Phillip II (inc. 650 knights and 1,300 squires)[1]
12,000–15,000 Germans with Frederick I (inc. 3–4,000 knights)[3]
2,000 Hungarians with Géza[4]
Two additional contingents also joined Frederick's army while travelling through byzantine empire. Numbered about 1000 men.
From 7,000[5] to 40,000[6] from the rest of Europe and Outremer
Ayyubids:
40,000 (Saladin's field army, 1189 – estimate)[7]
5,000–20,000 (Acre's garrison, 1189)[8][9]
Seljuks:
22,000+ (Qutb al-Din's field army only, 1190)[10][11]
It was partially successful, recapturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to recapture Jerusalem, which was the major aim of the Crusade and its religious focus.
After the failure of the Second Crusade of 1147–1149, the Zengid dynasty controlled a unified Syria and engaged in a conflict with the Fatimid rulers of Egypt. Saladin ultimately brought both the Egyptian and Syrian forces under his own control, and employed them to reduce the Crusader states and to recapture Jerusalem in 1187. Spurred by religious zeal, King Henry II of England and King Philip II of France (known as "Philip Augustus") ended their conflict with each other to lead a new crusade. The death of Henry (6 July 1189), however, meant the English contingent came under the command of his successor, King Richard I of England. The elderly German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa also responded to the call to arms, leading a massive army across the Balkans and Anatolia. He achieved some victories against the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, but he drowned in a river on 10 June 1190 before reaching the Holy Land. His death caused tremendous grief among the German Crusaders, and most of his troops returned home.
After the Crusaders had driven the Muslims from Acre, Philip—in company with Frederick's successor in command of the German crusaders, Leopold V, Duke of Austria—left the Holy Land in August 1191. Following a major victory by the Crusaders at the Battle of Arsuf, most of the coastline of the Levant was returned to Christian control. On 2 September 1192 Richard and Saladin finalized the Treaty of Jaffa, which recognised Muslim control over Jerusalem but allowed unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city. Richard departed the Holy Land on 9 October 1192. The successes of the Third Crusade allowed Westerners to maintain considerable states in Cyprus and on the Syrian coast.
The failure to re-capture Jerusalem inspired the subsequent Fourth Crusade of 1202–1204, but Europeans would only regain the city—and only briefly—in the Sixth Crusade in 1229.
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