Question

Q1. Read the given passage carefully & answer the questions that follow:
The environment is the natural surroundings of the earth that enables an organism’s survival. The
French word ‘environ’ that means to surround is a derivative of the word environment. It consists
\of living-beings such as humans, plants, and animals. The air, water, and land are the non-living
entities. Their functioning is designed by nature in such a way that everything is dependent on
each other. The human being is the most dominant creature of all the beings who can depend on
all the natural resources of the earth. He requires the air to breathe. Not only humans but plants
and animals also need air to breathe. There will be no life on earth without air. It is only the
human being who is responsible for the destruction of the environment.
All the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) entities constitute the environment. Biotic things
include- humans, plants, animals, and insects. They are classified as biological components of
the environment. Every biotic creature has its own fixed life-cycle. For example, human-being is
the strongest living organism on earth. He needs plants and animals in order to fulfill his needs.
His life-cycle will be disorganized without them.
Whereas, abiotic components involve atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. They
are the layers of the environment. These layers are categorized as physical components of the
environment. The atmosphere is the layer of air made up of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases.
All the water bodies such as rivers and oceans together make up the hydrosphere. The lithosphere
is the solid, outermost part of the earth. It is made of crust that covers the mantle, rocks, and soil
on the surface of the earth. The most important layer is the biosphere where life exists. It
involves aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial ecosystems. From the root systems of trees to the deepest
underwater life is what biosphere features.
The existence of all these organisms is dependent on their constant interaction with each other.
Their functioning is organized by nature and can be destroyed once being squandered. Today, the

degradation of the environment has become a major issue to be tackled by human beings.
Answer the following questions:
1. What enables the survival of organisms?
2. Name the two components of the environment.
3. State examples of both the components of the environment.
4. Describe the physical components of earth.
5. Write the antonym of- Saved (para 4)
6. Write the synonym of- Bodies (para 1)
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Answer 1

1.) In evolutionary theory, adaptation is the biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment. ... This enables better survival and reproduction compared with other members of the species, leading to evolution

2.) The basic components of the environment are atmosphere or the air, lithosphere or the rocks and soil, hydrosphere or the water, and the living component of the environment or the biosphere.

3.) Two main components exist in an ecosystem: abiotic and biotic. The abiotic components of any ecosystem are the properties of the environment; the biotic components are the life forms that occupy a given ecosystem

4.) There are four physical systems: the atmosphere, the biosphere, the hydrosphere, and the lithosphere. These constitute the essential units of the planet's physical systems.

Answer 2

1. The nature surrounding the earthenables the survival of organisms
2. ☞ Biotic

☞Abiotic

3. Examples of biotic component:-)

humans, plants, animals, and insects.

Examples of abiotic components :-)

pen, pencil, table chair

4. The biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) entities constitute the environment. Biotic things

include- humans, plants, animals, and insects. They are classified as biological components of

the environment. Every biotic creature has its own fixed life-cycle. For example, human-being is

the strongest living organism on earth. He needs plants and animals in order to fulfill his needs.

His life-cycle will be disorganized without them.

Whereas, abiotic components involve atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

5. destroyed

6. soul

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