Question

Q1. "Scientific Management aims at efficiency at the cost of initiative". How far do you
agree with this statement?​

Answer 1

Answer:

The phenomena of bending of light ray when it travels from

one medium to another medium due to change in speed of light

is called “refraction of light”.

According to optics, the medium

in which speed of light is

more is called rarer medium.

Only when the light ray travels along the normal to the surface,

it does not change the direction.

In all other cases, light bends during refraction.

Rarer medium

According to optics, the medium

in which speed of light is

less is called denser medium.

Denser medium

To understand refraction of light through figures, the following terms are important.

At the point of incidence where the light ray

strikes the interface between the two media,

a line drawn perpendicular to the surface

is known as normal. It is labeled as N

with the help of dotted line in the figure.

NORMAL

The angle between the incident light ray and

the normal is called angle of incidence. Denoted by Li

ANGLE OF

INCIDENCE ( i)

The angle between the refracted light ray and

the normal is called angle of refraction. Denoted by Lr

ANGLE OF

REFRACTION ( r)

When light ray travel from rarer medium

to denser medium,

the refracted light ray

deflects closer to the normal.











           

    

   

    

        

    





 



 

 

       

Answer 2

Answer:

Yes, "Scientific Management aims at efficiency at the cost of initiative".

Explanation:

• Scientific Management can be defined as "application of science for each and every element of management".
• In other words we can say that, It means application of Scientific tools, methods in order to increase output.
• It argues on replacement of decisions taken by manager according to his will and wish.
• Instead the decisions in the organization should be based on scientific methods and studies conducted by scientific tools.

Scientific Principles of Management are:

1. Science, not rule of thumb

• According to this principle, each and every job performed in the organization should be based on Scientific enquiry not on wishes.
• It laid emphasis on Work study.

    2. Harmony, not discord

• Those who work together int he organisation must work with harmony with mutual help and understanding.
• It laid emphasis on Mental Revolution

   3. Cooperation not individualism

• This is the extension of Harmony not discord.
• It laid emphasis on open communication system

  4.Development of workers to their greatest efficiency and prosperity.

• Efficiency is directly proportional efficiency of workers
• care should be taken upon proper training and development of personnel.

So, by using these scientific principles a organization can easily aims at efficiency at the cost of initiative.

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