Q1. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?
Q2. How are viruses different from other microorganisms ?
Q3.What are antibodies?How do they work ?
Q4. What are vaccines ?How are they prepared ?
Q5.What are communicable diseases?
Q6.Explain the commercial role of microorganisms?
Q7.How are microorganisms responsible for soil fertility?
Q8.What is food preservation ? What are the various ways in which food can be
preserved ?
Q9.Explain nitrogen cycle with a well labelled diagram .
Answers
It is diagram of nitogen cycle of answer 9 .
Ans 1 - Antibiotics are medicines produced by
certain micro-organisms to kill other disease-causing micro-organisms.
Precautions to be taken while using antibiotics are:
- Antibiotics should be taken under the supervision of a well qualified doctor.
- Course (intake) of antibiotics should be completed as prescribed by the doctor.
- Antibiotics should be taken in the right amount and at the right time. A wrong dose of antibiotics makes the drug ineffective.Also, excessive consumption of drugs may kill the useful bacteria present in our body.
Ans 2 - Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can live and reproduce on their own. Viruses are much smaller particles that require a host cell in order to survive and replicate. Only 1% of bacteria that exist in the world is harmful to humans.
Ans 3 - Antibodies are specialized, Y-shaped proteins that bind like a lock-and-key to the body's foreign invaders — whether they are viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. They are the "search" battalion of the immune system's search-and-destroy system, tasked with finding an enemy and marking it for destruction.
Ans 4 - A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight a disease that has already occurred, such as cancer).
Ans 5- Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that result from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic (capable of causing disease) biologic agents in an individual human or other animal host.
Ans 6 - Microorganisms can be useful in making vinegar (acetic acid). Microorganisms can be useful in making some organic medicines. Microorganisms can be useful in making Urea for soil fertility. Microorganisms can be useful for fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
Ans 7 - Soil microorganisms (figure 1) are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. They release excess nutrients into the soil where they can be taken up by plants.
Ans 8 - Food preservation can be defined as the process of treating and handling food in such a way as to stop or greatly slow down spoilage and prevent foodborne illness while maintaining nutritional value, texture and flavour.
Among the oldest methods of preservation are drying, refrigeration, and fermentation. Modern methods include canning, pasteurization, freezing, irradiation, and the addition of chemicals. Advances in packaging materials have played an important role in modern food preservation
Ans 9 - The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. ... Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification
Answer:
Q1 ) Antibiotics - A medicine that inhibits the growth of unnecessary microorganisms
Precautions - Antibiotics should only be taken on the advice of a qualified doctor . One must finish the course prescribed by the doctor . They must be avoided if not necessary.
Q2 ) Viruses don't generate ATP while other microorganisms can. They also do not possess the necessary machinery for translation. In simple words we can say that viruses are non- living organisms bcs they do not have any cellular structure.
Q3 ) Antibody - It's a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances.
Their functioning - They work by recognising and sticking to specific proteins , such as those found on the surface of viruses and bacteria
Q4 ) Vaccine - A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several disease
Production - On average it takes about 12 to 36 months for a vaccine to be produced .
Q5 ) Communicable disease - Also knows as infectious or transmissible disease are illness that results from an infection presence and growth of a pathogenic in an human host
Q6 ) They are useful in making curd. Useful in making bread from yeast , as well as in vinegar and some organic medicine's.
Q7 ) whenever they decompose organic matter , they use carbon and nutrients in organic matter for their own growth . They release excess nutrients into the soil which is taken up by the plants .
Q8 ) Food preservation - It includes food processing activities which prevents the growth of microorganisms that can cause rancidity.
Ways to preserve food - We can use the method of drying , refrigeration and fermentation.
Explanation:
Sorry buddy not knowing how to upload my diagram here ....hope u will understand the rest of the questions