Question

Q1 what are the characteristics of sub kingdom Phanerogams?
Q2 distinguish between monocots and dicots?
Q3 write a paragraph on your own words about the ornamental plants called ferns?
Q4 write the characteristics of the plants belonging to division Bryophyta?
Q5 Sketch label and describe the Spirogyra?
Q6 Which criteria are used for classificationof plants? Explain with reasons

Answer 1

Hello friend
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Ans1) @ It is a  former primary division of plants

@ comprising those having reproductive organs

@ Mainly a flowering plant or seed plant
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Ans2) Monocts have single cotyledon (seed leaves)  |    Dicot have two cotyledons.

2) Monocotyledonous plant have parallel venation   |  Dicot plant have reticulated venation. 3) Monocotyledonous plant have fibrous root    |   Dicot plant have tap root.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ans3) A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having certain tissue that conducts water and nutrients, and having branched stems ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ans4) Bryophytes typically measure one to two centimeters tall. They lack tissues to provide structure and support that other land plants have, so they cannot grow taller. Instead, bryophytes grow close together into a cushion-like covering over soil, rocks, tree trunks, and leaves.

Though they require water for hydration as well as reproduction, they are able to survive on land because of special adaptations. Bryophytes are covered in a waxy cuticle that helps them to retain water. As water flows through an area, it is absorbed by bryophytes. Bryophytes hold onto water like a sponge, helping creatures who depend on water for survival as well as reducing flooding in an area.

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Ans5) Vegetative body structure of spirogyra:
A) External features:
The vegetative body of Spirogyra is unbranched and filamentous.
Plant body is long, slender and multicellular.
Numerous elongated and identical cells are arranged vertically in the filamentous body
At the posterior end of the filament, there is a unicellular compressed part, called holdfast or hapteta by which the plant body remains attached with any substratum.
Cell wall:
Cell wall consists of three layers of which inner two layers are made of pectose and the outer layer is composed of cellulose
Filament is usually surrounded by a membrane made of mucilage

B) Protoplasm: Following parts are present in protoplasm:
Plasma membrane: It is situated just beneath the cell wall. It covers the inner matters of the protoplasm.
Cvtoplasm: It is situated inside the cell wall, very close to plasma membrane.

C) Cell vacuole: Each cell has a large vacuole placed at the centre.
D) Nucleus: Each all contains a single nucleus. It remains suspended within the cytoplasm with the help of some cytoplasm strains.
E) Chloroplast: Chloropla.sts of this all are long and flattened as tape. They are arranged spirally around the saci.ole Number of chloroplasts present in each cell depends on the bests of its species. Usually the number of chloroplasts may vary from one to seven.
F) Pyrenoids:
i) Some silvery granules present in each chloroplast are called pyrenoids
ii) A plenty of protein piles up in the pyrenoids
iii) Starch is deposited as resent food around the pyrtnoids.

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Ans6) It's all about biological features. Not physical structures. If that were the case, just about every Human would be ranked in a different genus or even species from one another do to size, skin, habitat, and other physical qualities, when really, we all have the same anatomy, and fundamental biological attributes.

Biological Classification
-Life
-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species

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Hope it helped u