Q1. What is catastrophe theory Q2. What do u mean by lack of deteminism in quantum theory explain.(Adventure chapter hornbill English class 11) answer each in 80 words worth 40 points each.
Answers
Lack of determinism in Quantum theory:
The behaviour of electrons orbiting the nucleus in an atom cannot be predicted. There are different states of energy-higher and lower. It can make a jump from high to low energy level and send out a pulse of radiation or a pulse of radiation can knock it out of state no.2 to state no.1. These states can apply to the world too. The transitions are common in microscopic systems. If it happened on a macroscopic level, it could be an interesting food for thought.
Professor Gaitonde made a transition from the world we live in to a parallel world. One world has the history we know, the other a different history. He neither travelled to the past nor to the future. He was in the present but experiencing a different world. At the time of the collision with the truck, he was thinking about the catastrophe theory and its implications in war. He was probably wondering about the battle of Panipat. Perhaps the neurons in his brain acted as a trigger. Like the electron jumping from one state to another, he made a jump from this world to the parallel world. Any catastrophic situation will provide various alternatives for us to proceed. But only one can be accepted by us at one time as we live in a unique world with a unique history. But why did he make such a transition? An interaction is must for any such transition. The collision and the thoughts at that moment brought it about.
The incident at Azad Maidan is just to show how meetings can be arranged without chairman unlike in the real world.
Q1 Catastrophe theory states that a small change in circumstance can bring sudden shift in behavior. If we apply this theory to the battle of Panipat, we can find that there was a crucial moment when the Marathas lost both their leaders-Viswas Rao and Bhausaheb. So, the Marathas lost their morale and lost the battle. But in the parallel world Prof. Gaitonde saw the bullet missing Viswas Rao and Marathas winning the battle. A crucial event gone other way can change the course of history (the bullet missing/hitting the leader). The Professor produced a torn page of Bhausahebanchi bakhar from his pocket. This is nothing but the notes he had prepared for his lecture where imagined the fate of the battle to be otherwise. The bullet hitting Viswas rao was the catastrophic incident in the battle. The present state of affairs has been reached because of such catastrophic incidents in history. We can apply this theory to any other battle or historical incident and see how history takes a different course.
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Q1. What is catastrophe theory?
Answer: Catastrophe theory is a mathematical framework that deals with discontinuous transitions between the states of a system, given smooth variation of the underlying parameters. The term catastrophe, derived from the French in this usage, refers to the abrupt nature of the transitions, and does not necessarily bear negative connotations.
The main thesis of the theory is that the parameter space of the system is a low-dimensional projection of the state parameters and state relationships of the system, which are summarized as higher-dimensional, smooth manifolds. Apparent discontinuities or singularities in the parameter space of the system are explained as folds and cusps on the manifolds, thereby allowing the application of smooth differentiable models to discontinuous phenomena.
Q2. What do u mean by lack of determinism in quantum theory explain.
Answer: Quantum theory is based on the idea that energy exists in units that can’t be divided. Determinism is the doctrine that all events and actions are determined by external forces acting on the will.
Determinism is the doctrine that all events and actions are determined by external forces acting on the will. The phrase, thus means that the energy contained in electrons is not determined by the external forces that fire it. ‘Gangadhara could not help comparing the country he knew with what he was witnessing around him.’
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