Q1) Why by using a detergent can we wash clothes even in hard water? Give reasons:- Q2) element carbon forms compounds mainly by covalently bonding. Q3)diamond has a high melting point. Q4) graphite is a good conductor of electricity Q5) Acetylene burns with a sooty flame Q6) kerosene doews not decolurise bromine water while cooking oild do. Q7) write two disadvantages and advantages of using detergents over soaps.
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Ans1) By using a detergent we can wash clothes even in hard water because :
(i)They do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
(ii) They give more lather in hard water.
(iii) They have strong cleansing action.
Ans2)Carbon has 4 electrons in its last shell and has a very small size. So to take or to give electrons,it would more or less require the same amount of energy for the atom, therefore, it decided to instead share its electrons with other atoms and hence forms covalent bonds.
Ans3) Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms. A lot of energy is needed to separate the atoms in diamond. This is because covalent bonds are strong, and diamond contains very many covalent bonds. This makes diamond's melting point and boiling point very high.
Ans4) Graphite is soft and slippery because there are only weak intermolecular forces between its layers. Graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity. This is because, like metals, graphite contains delocalised electrons. These electrons are free to move through the structure of the graphite.
Ans5)Ethyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. This makes it to have a higher carbon ratio as compared to hydrogen in the structure. Therefore when ethyne burns, it burns with incomplete combustion leading to the sooty flame.
Ans6) kerosene does not decolorise bromine water while cooking oil does because
cooking oil are unsaturated while kerosene are saturated carbon compound.
Ana7) disadvantage
detergents are non-biodegradable whereas soaps are mostly biodegradable
detergents are highly basic thus they are harmful to skin bt soaps r not
detergents if enter into food cycle can because increase in the concentration of non biodegradable substances in each tropic level hence resulting in bio magnification
(i)They do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
(ii) They give more lather in hard water.
(iii) They have strong cleansing action.
Ans2)Carbon has 4 electrons in its last shell and has a very small size. So to take or to give electrons,it would more or less require the same amount of energy for the atom, therefore, it decided to instead share its electrons with other atoms and hence forms covalent bonds.
Ans3) Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms. A lot of energy is needed to separate the atoms in diamond. This is because covalent bonds are strong, and diamond contains very many covalent bonds. This makes diamond's melting point and boiling point very high.
Ans4) Graphite is soft and slippery because there are only weak intermolecular forces between its layers. Graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity. This is because, like metals, graphite contains delocalised electrons. These electrons are free to move through the structure of the graphite.
Ans5)Ethyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. This makes it to have a higher carbon ratio as compared to hydrogen in the structure. Therefore when ethyne burns, it burns with incomplete combustion leading to the sooty flame.
Ans6) kerosene does not decolorise bromine water while cooking oil does because
cooking oil are unsaturated while kerosene are saturated carbon compound.
Ana7) disadvantage
detergents are non-biodegradable whereas soaps are mostly biodegradable
detergents are highly basic thus they are harmful to skin bt soaps r not
detergents if enter into food cycle can because increase in the concentration of non biodegradable substances in each tropic level hence resulting in bio magnification
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