Q1. Write names:
In Mendel's monohybrid experiment in Generation P1: -
1. English letters used for tall plants =
2. English letters used for dwarf plants =
Answers
Answer:
Mendel proposed the following laws on the basis of his experiments:
1) Law of segregation ("First Law")- During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
2) Law of independent assortment ("Second Law")- Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
3) Law of dominance ("Third Law")- Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele.
Explanation:
Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea, Pisum sativum, as a model system. Pea plants make a convenient system for studies of inheritance. Useful features of peas include their rapid life cycle and the production of lots and lots of seeds. Pea plants also self-fertilize, meaning that the same plant makes both the sperm and the egg. Mendel took advantage of this property to produce true-breeding pea lines. Pea plants are also easy to cross or mate in a controlled way.
First, he crossed one true-breeding parent to another. The plants used in this initial cross are called the P generation, or parental generation. Mendel crossed a pure-breeding round-seeded variety with a pure-breeding wrinkled-seeded one. He collected the seeds from the P generation cross and grew them up. These offspring were called the F1 generation, short for the first filial generation. All the peas produced in the second or hybrid generation were round. Mendel then allowed his hybrid peas to self-pollinate. The wrinkled trait which had disappeared in his hybrid generation — reappeared in 25% of the new crop of peas. Mendel's experiments extended beyond the F2 generation to F3, F4 and later generations, but his model of inheritance was based mostly on the first three generations.
Answer:
- The English letter used for tall plants was "TT"
- The English letter used for dwarf plants was "tt"
Explanation:
Gregor Johan Mendel (1822-1884) is known as "Father of genetics" because he was the first person to demonstrate the mechanism of inheritance of characters from parent to offspring.
The genetic experiment of cross-breeding between two varieties of the same species bearing one pair of contrasting traits is known as monohybrid cross.
Mendel performed several monohybrid experiments taking each of the seven pairs of contrasting characters separately and obtained similar result, However, his monohybrid cross on the length of the pea plant (Tall and Dwarf variety) is very famous.
According to Mendel, tall and dwarf characters in pea plants are transmitted from one generation to the next by the hereditary units known as factors.
He postulated that at least two factors are responsible for a particular character (Presently we know that in higher organisms, chromosomes are present in homologous pair-one paternal and one maternal, So, genes are also present in pair. Hence, at least two genes one paternal gene and one maternal gene) are responsible for a particular character).
He considered 'T' for tall trait and 't' for dwarf trait. So, in tall plants, the factors will be (TT) and that of the dwarf plant (tt).
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