Q11.) Describe double circulation in human beings . Why is it necessary ?
Ans. The circulatory system of man is called double circulation as the blood passes through the heart twice in one complete cycle of the body. It involves two circulations:
(i) Pulmonary circulation: It begins from the right ventricle which expels the blood into the pulmonary trunk. The blood flowing into the vascular system of the lungs, becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart (left atrium) through pulmonary veins.
(ii) Systemic circulation: This circulation starts from the left ventricle which sends the blood into the aorta. The aorta divides into arteries, arterioles and finally to capillaries and thereby, supplies oxygenated blood to various parts of the body. From there deoxygenated blood is collected by venules which join to form veins and finally vena cava and pour blood back into the right auricle of heart.
Necessity of double circulation: The right side and the left side of the human heart are useful to present deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from mixing. This type of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body. This is useful in case of humans because it constantly gives energy to maintain their body temperature.
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