Question

Q15.Whywaskhilafatmovementstarted?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Khilafat movement was started by Ali brothers-shaukat Ali and mohammad ali -in protest against the injustices done to Turkey after the first world war. Turkey was important to the Indian Muslims as the sultan of turkey was also the 'caliph' and was head of Muslims all over the world.

Explanation:

◉LET'S EXPLORE MORE

The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan,and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority.

✯Causes of Khilafat movement

• The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey.

• There were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor—the spiritual head of the Islamic world—the Khalifa.

• To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.

• A young generation of Muslim leaders like the Ali brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue.

• Gandhij i saw this as .an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified movement called ‘Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movement’.

◉FURTHER LEARNING

✯Non-Cooperation Movement and Mahatma Gandhi

• Mahatma Gandhi was the main force behind the non-cooperation movement. In March 1920, he issued a manifesto declaring a doctrine of the non-violent non-cooperation movement. Gandhi, through this manifesto, wanted people to:

• Adopt swadeshi principle

• Adopt swadeshi habits including hand spinning & weaving

• Work for the eradication of untouchability from society

• Gandhi travelled across the nation in 1921 explaining the tenets of the movement.

✯Features of the Non-Cooperation Movement

• The movement was essentially a peaceful and non-violent protest against the British government in India.

• Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.

• People were asked to resign from their government jobs.

• People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.

• People were asked to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian-made goods.

• People were asked to boycott the elections to the legislative councils.

• People were asked not to serve in the British army.

• It was also planned that if the above steps did not bring results, people would refuse to pay their taxes.

• The INC also demanded Swarajya or self-government.

• Only completely non-violent means would be employed to get the demands fulfilled.

• The non-cooperation movement was a decisive step in the independence movement because, for the first time, the INC was ready to forego constitutional means to achieve self-rule.

• Gandhiji had assured that Swaraj would be achieved in a year if this movement was continued to completion.

✯Causes of Non-Cooperation Movement

• Resentment at the British after the war: Indians thought that in return for the extensive support of manpower and resources they had provided to Britain during the First World War, they would be rewarded by autonomy at the end of the war. But the Government of India Act 1919 was dissatisfactory. In addition, the British also passed repressive acts like the Rowlatt Act which further angered many Indians who felt betrayed by the rulers despite their wartime support.

• Home Rule Movement: The Home Rule Movement started by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak set the stage for the non-cooperation movement. The extremists and the moderates of the INC were united and the Lucknow Pact also saw solidarity between the Muslim League and the Congress Party. The return of the extremists gave the INC a militant character.

• Economic hardships due to World War I: India’s participation in the war caused a lot of economic hardships to the people. Prices of goods began to soar which affected the common man. Peasants also suffered because the prices of agricultural products did not increase. All this led to resentment against the government.

• The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre: The repressive Rowlatt Act and the brutal massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar had a profound effect on the Indian leaders and the people. Their faith in the British system of justice was broken and the whole country rallied behind its leaders who were pitching for a more aggressive and firm stance against the government.

• The Khilafat Movement: During the First World War, Turkey, which was one of the Central Powers, had fought against the British. After Turkey’s defeat, the Ottoman caliphate was proposed to be dissolved. Muslims regarded Sultan of Turkey as their Caliph (religious head of the Muslims).

Answer 2

hey mate

The Khilafat Movement, which continued till 1924, was an agitation started by Indian Muslims in 1919, to oppose the move by the British government to abolish the Ottoman Caliphate after the Turkish Empire was dissolved in the aftermath of World.The movement collapsed by late 1922 when Turkey gained a more favourable diplomatic position and moved towards secularism. By 1924 Turkey simply abolished the role of caliph

I hope it helps u

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