Question

Q2. A) Answer the following questions:
a) State the differences:
i) Middle ear and inner ear.
Inner ear
Middle ear​

Answer 1

Answer:

The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance.[1] In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:[2]

The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The vestibular system, dedicated to The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.

The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the inner ear. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. The hollow space of the middle ear is also known as the tympanic cavity and is surrounded by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. The auditory tube (also known as the Eustachian tube or the pharyngotympanic tube) joins the tympanic cavity with the nasal cavity (nasopharynx), allowing pressure to equalize between the middle ear and throat.

The primary function of the middle ear is to efficiently transfer acoustic energy from compression waves in air to fluid–membrane waves within the cochlea.

Answer 2

Explanation:

The Middle Ear

The middle ear includes:

eardrum

cavity (also called the tympanic cavity)

ossicles (3 tiny bones that are attached)

malleus (or hammer) - long handle attached to the eardrum

incus (or anvil) - the bridge bone between the malleus and the stapes

stapes (or stirrup) - the footplate; the smallest bone in the body

The Inner Ear

The inner ear includes:

oval window - connects the middle ear with the inner ear

semicircular ducts - filled with fluid; attached to cochlea and nerves; send information on balance and head position to the brain

cochlea - spiral-shaped organ of hearing; transforms sound into signals that get sent to the brain

auditory tube - drains fluid from the middle ear into the throat behind the nose

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