Question

Q2. Scientific Reasons.
i. Why fat can't be dissolved in water?
ii. Why solubility of sugar increase by increasing temperature?
iii. Why solubility of Co, increases by increasing pressure?
iv. Name any two polar solute and two non-polar solvent.
Q4. Write down the purification of solid by crystallization.​

Answer 1

Answer:

this is for 1 St one answer

this is for 2 nd one

this for 3 Rd one

this is for 4 th one

Answer 2

i. Why fat can't be dissolved in water?

(Liquid water has fewer hydrogen bonds than ice.) Oils and fats not have any polar part and so for them to dissolve in water they would have to break some of water's hydrogen bonds.

ii. Why solubility of sugar increase by increasing temperature?

The increase in kinetic energy that comes with higher temperatures allows the solvent molecules to more effectively break apart the solute molecules that are held together by intermolecular attraction

iii. Why solubility of Co, increases by increasing pressure?

the solubility of gases increases as the partial pressure of the gas above a solution increases. ... Because the concentration of molecules in the gas phase increases with increasing pressure, the concentration of dissolved gas molecules in the solution at equilibrium is also higher at higher pressures.

iv. Name any two polar solute and two non-polar solvent.

The case of polar solvents is clear to me - we get an attraction between opposite charges. However, how do non-polar substances dissolve in non-polar solvents?

Q4. Write down the purification of solid by crystallization.

Different crystalline solid forms (polymorphs, salts, cocrystals) of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can have very different physico chemical properties. Those differences can impact bioavailability, solubility, dissolution rate, first pass metabolism, side effect incidence, stability, API and drug product manufacturability, and other important parameters. The vast majority of APIs can exist in multiple solid forms, including polymorphs, hydrates, solvates, salts, cocrystals, and non-crystalline forms. The goal in screening and selection is to produce an optimal solid form based on parameters such as crystallinity, stability, solubility, hygroscopicity, and ease of production ("manufacturability"). Understanding the crystallization process is paramount for reproducibility during drug development and manufacturing...

Triclinic has extensive experience in solid-state and solid form screening & selection and in devising and conducting studies to improve your drug's physico-chemical properties. Some reasons an alternative solid form may be desirable: If you are searching for a developable form of your API we can determine pharmaceutical polymorphism, the most stable form, as well as develop pharmaceutical salts, cocrystals, and non-crystalline materials: