Q2: Who was appointed by Shah Jahan the governor of Deccan and what policies he adopted to make Mughal Empire more successful?
Answers
Answer:
When Babur attacked India there were six Muslim states, viz., Khandesh, Berar, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Golkunda and Bidar and one Hindu state, i.e., Vijayanagar in the South. According to Babur, the state of Vijayanagar was the strongest among them. However, Babur and Humayun could not pay any attention towards the South.
By the time Akbar interfered in politics of the Deccan, the political situation had changed there. In January 1565 A.D., the combined forces of Bijapur, Golkunda, Bidar and Ahmadnagar defeated the army of Vijayanagar in the battle at Talikota and completely ruined the power of Vijayanagar. A little later, Ahmadnagar annexed Berar and Bijapur conquered Bidar.
Thus, there remained only the state of Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Golkunda. Akbar began to extend his empire towards the South and the rest of the Mughul emperors also followed his policy. The process of conquering the South was slow but the Mughuls finally succeeded during the reign of Aurangzeb. But, there had arisen a new power in the Deccan by that time.
Shivaji, the Maratha, established an independent kingdom in Maharashtra at that very time when Aurangzeb was bent upon to conquer the entire South. Aurangzeb, of course, destroyed the Maratha kingdom as well when Shambhaji, son of Shivaji, was on the Maratha throne. But, his success was short-lived. The Maratha fought back for the independence of Maharashtra and, finally, succeeded. Thus, the Deccan policy of the great Mughuls initially succeeded but, ultimately, failed.
Answer:
Three years later Shah Jahan went to the Deccan himself, and compelled the rulers of Golkunda and Bijapur to acknowledge the Mughal suzerainty and to pay tribute. He appointed his son Aurangzeb as viceroy of the Deccan.