Q20: a) Bacteria have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA. What is it called? Does
it have any significance for bacteria?
c) How difference in composition and thickness of glycocalyx varies among bacteria?
d) What is the role of mesosome and fimbriae in bacteria?
Answers
Answer:
These smaller DNA are called plasmids. ... Decades after their first use, plasmids are still crucial laboratory tools in biotechnology: Scientists can force bacteria to keep them. Virtually all plasmids that are used to deliver DNA contain genes for antibiotic resistance. ... Only those cells that contain the plasmid will survive, grow and reproduce.
c) Structure of endothelial glycocalyx and its activation of vascular muscle relaxation via nitric oxide (NO) in response to increased shear force3,6
d) Fimbriae are thin filamentous appendages that extend from the cell, often in the tens or hundreds. They are composed of pilin proteins and are used by the cell to attach to surfaces. They can be particularly important for pathogenic bacteria, which use them to attach to host tissues.