Q37: How is the troposphere important for us?
Q38: What is the significance of the ozone layer?
Q39: Describe the composition of atmosphere. Illustrate with a diagram.mention the significance of all layers
Q40: Explain the factors that influence temperature.
Q41: Differentiate between the different kinds of rainfall?
Answers
Answer:
37:The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere and site of all weather on Earth. ... Temperature and water vapor content in the troposphere decrease rapidly with altitude. Water vapor plays a major role in regulating air temperature because it absorbs solar energy and thermal radiation from the planet's surface
38:Ozone is a gas in the atmosphere that protects everything living on the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun. Without the layer of ozone in the atmosphere, it would be very difficult for anything to survive on the surface
39:The Troposphere
This is the lowest part of the atmosphere - the part we live in. It contains most of our weather - clouds, rain, snow. In this part of the atmosphere the temperature gets colder as the distance above the earth increases, by about 6.5°C per kilometre. The actual change of temperature with height varies from day to day, depending on the weather.
The Stratosphere
This extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km. It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. The increase in temperature with height occurs because of absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun by this ozone. Temperatures in the stratosphere are highest over the summer pole, and lowest over the winter pole
The Mesosphere
The region above the stratosphere is called the mesosphere. Here the temperature again decreases with height, reaching a minimum of about -90°C at the "mesopause".
The Thermosphere and Ionosphere
The thermosphere lies above the mesopause, and is a region in which temperatures again increase with height. This temperature increase is caused by the absorption of energetic ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation from the sun.
The Exosphere
The region above about 500 km is called the exosphere. It contains mainly oxygen and hydrogen atoms, but there are so few of them that they rarely collide - they follow "ballistic" trajectories under the influence of gravity, and some of them escape right out into space.
The Magnetosphere
The earth behaves like a huge magnet. It traps electrons (negative charge) and protons (positive), concentrating them in two bands about 3,000 and 16,000 km above the globe - the Van Allen "radiation" belts. This outer region surrounding the earth, where charged particles spiral along the magnetic field lines, is called the magnetosphere
40:The factors that affects temperature are altitude, latitude and distance from sea. The height measured from sea level is called altitude. When the latitude increases, the distant from the sun also increases, so the temperature gradually decreases. When the altitude increases, the temperature also gradually decreases.
41:Relief rainfall
Relief rainfall occurs when air has been blown over the sea and is then forced up over an area of high land.
This causes the air to cool and the moisture in the air condenses and rain falls.
Frontal rainfall
Frontal rainfall occurs when warm air is forced to rise over cold air.
The moisture in the warm air condenses as it cools which causes clouds and rain.
Convectional rainfall
Occurs mostly in tropics where it is hot.
When air is hot is rises and cools and condenses forming rain.
If the air is hot enough, it rises very quickly and can cause thunderstorms.