Question

Q5: Discuss the relation between the centre and the states from recent
developments in Indian politics.
fodoralforatures of the Indian Consi​

Answer 1

Answer:

First the most crucial development of this period was the defeat

of the Congress party in the elections held in 1989. The party that had won as many as 415 seats in the Lok Sabha in 1984 was reduced to only 197 in this election. The Congress improved its performance and came back to power soon after the mid-term elections held in 1991. But the elections of 1989 marked the end of what political scientists have called the ‘Congress system’. To be sure, the Congress remained an important party and ruled the country more than any other party even in this period since 1989. But it lost the kind of centrality it earlier enjoyed in the party system.

Congress leader Sitaram Kesri withdrew the crutches of support from Deve Gowda’s United Front Government.

Second development was the rise of the ‘Mandal issue’ in national

politics. This followed the decision by the new National Front government in 1990, to implement the recommendation of the Mandal Commission that jobs in central government should be reserved for the Other Backward Classes. This led to violent ‘anti- Mandal’ protests in different parts of the country. This dispute between the supporters and opponents of OBC reservations was known as the ‘Mandal issue’ and was to play an important role in shaping politics since 1989

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Centre State Relations

The Constitution of India provides a dual polity with a clear division of powers between the Union and the States, each being supreme within the sphere allotted to it. The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement between independent units, and the units of Indian federation cannot leave the federation.

Thus the constitution contains elaborate provisions to regulate the various dimensions of the relations between the centre and the states.

The relations between centre and state are divides as:

1. Legislative relations

2. Administrative relations

3. Financial relations

1. Centre State Legislative Relations

Articles 245 to 255 in Part XI of the Constitution deal with the legislative relations between the Centre and the State.

Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States

The Parliament can make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India. Territory of India includes the states, UTs and any other area for the time being included in the territory of India. Whereas, the state legislature can make laws for whole or any part of state.

The Parliament can alone make ‘extra territorial legislation’ thus the laws of the Parliament are applicable to the Indian citizens and their property in any part of the world.

2. Centre State Administrative Relations

The administrative jurisdiction of the Union and the State Governments extends to the subjects in the Union list and State list respectively. The Constitution thus defines the clauses that deal with the administrative relations between Centre and States.

3. Centre State Financial Relations:

Indian Constitution has made elaborate provisions, relating to the distribution of the taxes as well as non-tax revenues and the power of borrowing, supplemented by provisions for grants-in-aid by the Union to the States.

Article 268 to 293 deals with the provisions of financial relations between Centre and States.

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