Question

Q9. (a) Is an atom electrically neutral? Explain.
(b) What kind of elements
have a tendency to gain electrons? What are they commonly called?
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Answer 1

a) A proton and an electron have an equal amount but an opposite type of charge. Thus, if an atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons, the atom is described as being electrically neutral. ... Any particle, whether an atom, molecule or ion, that contains less electrons than protons is said to be positively charged.

b) The tendency to gain electrons is called electronegativity. -All the elements have a tendency to achieve a stable configuration of filled outermost shell. -Non metals are located in the last periods which need just one or two electrons to achieve octet in the outermost shell.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

If a neutral atom gains an electron, it acquires a negative charge and is called an anion (e.g. Cl-, Br-). Many elements can gain or lose more than one electron (e.g. Ca2+, O2-). The most stable configuration for an atom is to have 8 electrons in its outer shell.