Q9. What is +M effect ? Explain +M effect in phenol
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When the electrons or the pi electrons are transferred from a particular group towards a conjugate system, thus increasing the electron density of the conjugated system then such a phenomenon is known as (+M) effect or positive mesomeric effect.
In phenol, OH group is present which contains a lone pair of electron. So, here +M effect i.e. electron donating effect takes place. The lone pair of electron in donated in the ring and is involved in the delocalization. The resonating structures are shown below :
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