QIN which group are all of the
3. elements solids at STP?
CA. 17
B.16
C. 15
D.14
Answers
Explanation:
Physical States — Melting Points, Boiling Points, and Densities
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
(1) (2) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B — 8B — 1B 2B
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
1 H He
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub — Uuq — — — —
6 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
7 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Key: solid at 22°C liquid at 22°C
gas at 22°C liquid at 30°C
In the periodic table above, black squares indicate elements which are solids at room temperature (about 22ºC)*, those in blue squares are liquids at room temperature, and those in red squares are gases at room temperature.
Most of the metals are solids under "ordinary" conditions (i.e., 25ºC, 1 atmosphere of pressure, etc.), with the exception of mercury (Hg, element 80), which solidifies at -39ºC, and is a freely-flowing liquid at room temperature. Gallium (Ga, element 31) melts at 30ºC, slightly above room temperature, but is often indicated as a liquid on periodic tables, since the solid metal literally melts when held in the hand (since body temperature is about 37ºC). (Since cesium melts at 28ºC, and francium at 27ºC, they are also indicated in blue on some tables, but anyone who holds cesium in their hands won't be holding much of anything afterwards! See the page on alkali metals for more on cesium's high reactivity.)
Several of the nonmetals are gases in their elemental form. Elemental hydrogen (H, element 1), nitrogen (N, element 7), oxygen (O, element 8), fluorine (F, element 9), and chlorine (Cl, element 17) are all gases at room temperature, and are found as diatomic molecules (H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2). Bromine (Br, element 35), also found as a diatomic molecule (Br2), is a liquid at room temperature, solidifying at -7.2ºC. The noble gases of Group 8A (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn) are all gases at room temperature (as the name of the group implies); since they are all unreactive, monatomic elements, their boiling points are extremely low.
Below is a table of the melting points, boiling points, and densities of the elements:
Atomic
Number
Symbol
Name
Melting
Point
(ºC)
Boiling
Point
(ºC)
Density
(g/cm3)
(at 293 K)
1
H
Hydrogen
-259.14 -252.87 0.00008988 (gas, 273K)
2
He
Helium
-272.20 (under pressure) -268.934 0.0001785 (gas, 273K)
3
Li
Lithium
180.54 1347 0.534
4
Be
Beryllium
1278 2970 1.8477
5
B
Boron
2300 3658 2.34
6
C
Carbon
3527 4827
(sublimes) 2.260 (graphite)
3.513 (diamond)
7
N
Nitrogen
-209.86 -195.8 0.0012506 (gas, 273K)
8
O
Oxygen
-218.4 -182.96 0.001429 (gas, 273K)
9
F
Fluorine
-219.62 -188.14 0.001696 (gas, 273K)
10
Ne
Neon
-248.67 -246.05 0.00089994 (gas, 273K)
11
Na
Sodium
97.81 882.9 0.971
12
Mg
Magnesium
648.8 1090 1.738
13
Al
Aluminum
660.37 2467 2.698
14
Si
Silicon
1410 2355 2.329
15
P
Phosphorus
44.1 (white)
410 (red, under pressure) 280 (white) 1.82 (white)
16
S
Sulfur
113 (α)
119 (b)
106.8 (g) 444.67 2.070 (α)
1.957 (b)
17
Cl
Chlorine
-100.98 -33.97 0.003214 (gas, 273K)
18
Ar
Argon
-189.37 -185.86 0.001784 (gas, 273K)
19
K
Potassium
63.65 774 0.862
20
Ca
Calcium
839 1484 1.55
21
Sc
Scandium
1541 2831 2.989
22
Ti
Titanium
1660 3287 4.54
23
V
Vanadium
1887 3377 6.11 (292 K)
24
Cr
Chromium
1857 2672 7.19
25
Mn
Manganese
1244 1962 7.44
26
Fe
Iron
1535 2750 7.874
27
Co
Cobalt
1495 2870 8.90
28
Ni
Nickel
1453 2732 8.902 (298 K)
29
Cu
Copper
1083.4 2567 8.96
30
Zn
Zinc
419.58 907 7.133
31
Ga
Gallium
29.78 2403 5.907
32
Ge
Germanium
937.4 2830 5.323
33
As
Arsenic
817 (under pressure) 616 (sublimes) 5.78 (α)
34
Se
Selenium
217 684.9 4.79
35
Br
Bromine
-7.3 58.78 3.1226
36
Kr
Krypton
-156.6 -152.30 0.0037493 (gas, 273 K)
37
Rb
Rubidium
39.0 688 1.532
38
Sr
Strontium
769 1384 2.54
39
Y
Yttrium
1522 3338 4.469
40
Zr
Zirconium
1852 4377 6.506
41
Nb
Niobium
2468 4742 8.57
42
Mo
Molybdenum
2617 4612 10.22
43
Tc
Technetium
2172 4877 11.5 (est.)
44
Ru
Ruthenium
2310 3900 12.37
45
Rh
Rhodium
1966 3727 12.41
46
Pd
Palladium
1552 3140 12.02
47
Ag
Silver
961.93 2212 10.5
48
Cd
Cadmium
320.9 765 8.65
49
In
Indium
156.17 2080 7.31 (298 K)
50
Sn
Tin
231.97 2270 5.75 (α)
7.31 (b)
51
Sb
Antimony
630.74 1635 6.691
52
Te
Tellurium
449.5 989.8 6.24
53
I
Iodine
113.5 184.35 4.93
54
Xe
Xenon
-111.9 -107.1 0.0058971 (gas, 273 K)
55
Cs
Cesium
28.40 678.4 1.873
56
Ba
Barium
729 1637 3.594
57
La
Lanthanum
921 3457 6.145 (298 K)
58
Ce
Cerium
799 3426 8.24 (a, 298 K)
59
Pr
Praseodymium
931 3512 6.773
60
Nd
Neodymium
1021 3068 7.007
61
Pm
Promethium
1168 ca. 2727 7.22 (298 K)
62
Sm
Samarium
1077 1791 7.52
63
Eu
Europium
822 1597 5.243
64
Gd
Gadolinium
1313 3266 7.9004 (298 K)
65
Tb
Terbium
1356 3123 8.229
66
Dy
Dysprosium
1412
* It doesn't matter what temperature a room is; it's always room temperature.
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