Quantam machenic
explains how the universe works at a scale smaller than atoms. It is also called quantum physics or quantum theory. Mechanics is the part of physics that explains how things move and quantum is the Latin word for 'how much'. A quantum of energy is the least amount possible (or the least extra amount), and quantum mechanics describes how that energy moves or interacts.
Atoms used to be considered the smallest building blocks of matter, but modern science has shown that there are even smaller particles, like protons, neutrons and electrons. Quantum mechanics describes how the particles that make up atoms work.
Quantum mechanics also tells us how electromagnetic waves (like light) work. Waves particle duality means that particles behave like waves and waves behave like particles. (They are not two kinds of thing, they are something like both: this is their duality.) Much of modern physics and chemistry can be described and understood using the mathematical rules of quantum mechanics.
The mathematics used to study subatomic particles and electromagnetic waves is very complex because they act in very strange ways.
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1. While India’s foodgrain production has risen four-fold in the last 50 years, the growing concern, apart from population growth, is: how far can we stretch agricultural production? Intensive farming, degradation of natural resources and over exploitation of surface and groundwater are fast taking their toll on soil fertility and yield. Maybe, just increasing forest cover can redeem us. 2. The need for forests and other sustainable farming practices is brought out by the Atlas of Sustainability of Food Security in India, published by the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) and the World Food Programme (WFP). The atlas, recently released at the National Food Security Summit, is a timely warning for those who advocate bringing more and more land under the plough. 3. The atlas also warns that shifting to the superior cereals of rice and wheat from coarse cereals and minor millets threatens sustainable food security in two ways. The mono-cultivation of paddy-wheat results in the depletion of organic content and micronutrients in the soil. Chemical fertilizers are required to offset the diminishing returns and achieve the same production level. Also, coarse cereals have a higher nutritive value than rice and wheat and a decline in their intake means a decline in the quality of nutrition. Unfortunately, the area under coarse cereals has fallen, from 30 per cent in 1960 to 16 per cent by the year 2000. Moreover, only 12 per cent of the area under coarse cereals gets irrigation facilities, as against 86 per cent of wheat, 93 per cent of sugarcane and 51 per cent of rice. The latter two consume more water and contribute to desertification in semi-arid regions. 4. Higher levels of crop diversity are necessary for more sustainable food securityand sustainability of livelihoods. It is also important to include leguminous crops in the
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.