Que :-
➝Briefly Explain the craft production in indus valley civilization.
➝what is Ganeshwar - Jhodapur culture ?!
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Answers
Answer:
1) The Harappan civilization is referred to as a Bronze Age civilization.
Customarily, unalloyed copper was used for manufacturing artifacts and rarely tin was mixed with copper to make bronze.
Harappan Tools
Tools and weapons were simple in form. They comprised of flat -axes, chisels, arrowhead, spearheads, knives, saws, razors, and fish-hooks.
Harappan Tools
People also made copper and bronze vessels. They made small plates and weights of lead, and gold and silver jewelry of considerable sophistication.
The Harappans continued to use knives of chert blades. Further, a great skill and expertise have been seen in precious and semi-precious stone beads and weights.
Long barrel shaped cornelian beads (up to 10 cm. long) are the finest examples of craftsmanship.
Steatite was used for making a variety of objects like seals, beads, bracelets, buttons, vessels, etc. but its use in making faience (a form of glass) is particularly noteworthy.
The gold objects found in the form of beads, pendants, amulets, brooches, and other small ornaments in the Harappan civilization. The Harappan gold is of light color indicating high silver content.
Mature Harappan pottery represents a blend of the ceramic tradition of the pre-Harappan culture of both west of the Indus region as well as of the Saraswati area.
The pottery technology was quite advanced. Most of the pots were wheel-made.
Big storage jars were also produced. Pots were beautifully painted in black on the bright red surface with geometric designs, plants, animals, and a few paintings seem to depict scenes from stories.
More than 2,500 seals have been found. These are made of steatite. They mostly depict a single animal-unicorn bull, elephant, rhinoceros etc. but some also depict trees, semi-human, and human figurines; in some cases, participating in a ceremony.
Shell working was another flourishing industry. Artisans, settlements close to the sea manufactured shell ornaments like pendants, rings, bracelets, inlays, beads etc., besides objects as bowls, ladles, and gamesmen.
2) Ganeshwar is a village in Neem-Ka-Thana Tehsil (Mandal) in the Sikar District of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Ganeshwar is 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) distance from Neem-Ka- Thana town, 66.4 kilometres (41.3 mi) from Sikar city and 83 kilometres (52 mi) from Jaipur. Excavations in the area revealed the remains of a 4,000-year-old civilization.
- People also made copper and bronze vessels. They made small plates and weights of lead, and gold and silver jewelry of considerable sophistication. ... The gold objects found in the form of beads, pendants, amulets, brooches, and other small ornaments in the Harappan civilization.
- This project is the first step in problematizing and reconceptualizing the Ganeshwar Jodhpura Cultural Complex (GJCC), located in Northeastern Rajasthan, as a collection of Chalcolithic settlements bound together by a shared cultural language that encompass similarities in material culture, production of copper tools,