Ques.1- What are the consequences of Muhammad bin Tughlaqs experiments? Explain in short.
Answers
Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq
He was the ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty and ruled from 1325 AD to 1351 AD. He was the most remarkable personality among the Sultans of Delhi.
He had undertook five ambitious project which had failed miserably.
The five ambitious projects taken up by Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq were as follows:
- Taxation in the Doab
The Sultan made a financial experiment in the Doab between the Ganges and Yamuna. He increased the rate of taxation and along with that revived and created some additional Alwabs or cesses in order to gather money for the creation of larger army. It was fixed arbitrary and not on the basis of actual produce. Later, the region was hit by severe famine and peasants were unable to pay the fixed tax but the tax collectors harassed the peasants and forcibly collected the tax. Due to which many peasants left their land and ran to forests and many peasants revolted. Sultan ordered several relief measures for them but it was too late.
- Shifting of Capital
The Sultan decided to shift his capital from Delhi to Devagiri(Daulatabad). He wanted to control south India better from Daulatabad but Daulatabad was found to be unsuitable because it was not possible to control North India from there. So, he decided to re-transfer the capital to Delhi. This move make him unpopular as it troubled the people a lot in shifting from one place to another.
- Introduction of Token Currency
He introduced bronze tankas in place of silver tankas. The value of token coin was made equal to a silver coin. But this experiment failed on account of the circulation of counterfeit coins on a very large scale(as people started making copy of coins at their home) and rejected by foreign merchants. So, he withdrew the token currency. He offered to exchange all the token coins for silver coins.
- Khurasan Expedition
The Sultan planned an expedition for the conquest of Khurasan and Iraq and mobilised huge army for the purpose, he done that because he was informed that there was political instability in Khurasan. But the scheme was abandoned when Sultan learnt that conditions in Iraq had improved.
- Qarachil Expedition
This expedition was launched in Kumaon hills in Himalayas to counter Chinese incursions. It appears that the campaign was launched against some tribe in Kumaon-Garhwal regions with the objective of bringing them under Delhi Sultanate. The first attack was a success but when the rainy season set in, the invaders suffered terribly.
Consequences
- His five projects led to revolts.
- His last days were spent in checking the revolts.
- These revolts led the independence of Madhurai and Warangal.
- Harihara and Bukka founded Vijaynagara empire.
- Also Bahamani empire was formed.
Explanation:
The sultan made a financial experiment in Doab between the ganges and yamuna . He increased the rate of taxation and along with that revived and created some additional Alwabs or cesses in order to gather money for the creation of larger army
That's it answers i hope u understand my answer