Ques 1. What changes took place after the Revolt
of 1857?
Answers
Answer:
So, Here is your Answer-
Explanation:
The British had regained control of the country by the end of 1859, but they had learnt that it is not safe for them to carry on ruling India with their old policies.
Major Changes Introduced by the British after the 1857 Revolt:
The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown (royal family). A member of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary of State for India, and made responsible for all matters related to the governance of India. He was given a team of experts, called the Indian Council, to advise him. The Governor-General of India was given the title of Viceroy (a personal representative of the Crown).
All ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future, and they were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted sons. However, they were made to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign Paramount, which meant that they could rule their kingdoms but only as subordinates of the British emperor or empress.
The proportion of Indian soldiers in the army was reduced, and the number of Europeans increased. Also, instead of continuing to recruit Hindu and Muslim soldiers from Awadh, Bihar, central India and south India, more soldiers were to be recruited from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Pathans.
The British found Muslims to be primarily responsible for spreading the rumours that led to the Great Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. So lands and properties of Muslims were confiscated on a large scale, and they began to be treated with suspicion and hostility.
The British decided to respect the customary religious beliefs and social practices of the people in India.
Policies were made to protect landlords and zamindars and give them security of rights over their lands.
Thus, a new phase in the history of colonial India began after 1857.