Ques:-9 Mention the average temperature of Neptune , Mercury, Venus and
Earth
Ques:-10 Make a comparative study table of the planets
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Surface temperatures of the inner rocky planets
Mercury - 275 °F (- 170°C) + 840 °F (+ 449°C)
Venus + 870 °F (+ 465°C) + 870 °F (+ 465°C)
Earth - 129 °F (- 89°C) + 136 °F (+ 58°C)
Moon - 280 °F (- 173°C) + 260 °F (+ 127°C)
Mars - 195 °F (- 125°C) + 70 °F (+ 20°C).
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It orbits the Sun quickly, once every 88 days. It rotates slowly, however, only once every 59 days. Mercury is small, about 4850 kilometers (~3000 miles) in diameter. Because Mercury is so close to the Sun, the side of its surface that faces the Sun is very hot, ~800oK. The surface of Mercury is gray to orange in color, and is covered with craters. Mercury is named for a mythical god who ran very fast.
Venus, the second planet away from the Sun, is Earth’s closest neighbor. It is about the same size as the Earth, a little over 12,000 kilometers (7300 miles) in diameter. Venus has a very thick atmosphere, composed largely of sulphuric acid and CO2. We could not breathe on Venus, because the atmosphere would be very toxic to humans. This atmosphere gives Venus a brownish-yellow color. It also traps heat (the greenhouse effect) making the surface of Venus the hottest in the Solar System, about 900oK. Venus rotates very slowly, taking 243 days to complete one turn. It is named for the Roman goddess of love.
Earth is a little more than 12,000 kilometers in diameter. It differs from the other planets because it has liquid water on its surface, maintains life, and has active plate movement. It rotates on its axis every 24 hours (a day) and revolves around the Sun every 365 days (a year). The Earth has one moon.
Mars is a little more than half the size of the Earth, having a diameter of 6,790 kilometers. It takes Mars 687 days to revolve once around the Sun. It rotates at about the same speed as the Earth, taking 24.6 hours. Mars has a very thin atmosphere which is composed largely of CO2. Its surface is very cold, and is covered with craters, volcanoes, and large canyons. Mars is reddish in color. Mars has two small moons. It is named for the Roman god of war.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System, with a diameter of 142,980 kilometers, more than 11 times wider than the Earth. Jupiter orbits the Sun once every 12 years. It rotates very fast, in 9 hours and 19 minutes.. Its surface is made up of gas (mostly hydrogen), so that if you landed on the surface you would sink into it. Jupiter probably has a core of metallic hydrogen and rock, although evidence for this is theoretical. The outer gaseous part of Jupiter is broken into bands of white, yellow, red, and brown clouds. Jupiter has 4 rings mainly composed of dust. Huge oval-shaped storms also occur on the surface. Jupiter has 67 known satellites (as of 2016) including the four large Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede) plus many more small ones some of which have not yet been named. Jupiter is named for the Roman supreme god of heaven.
Saturn is well known for its system of three rings. It is a large planet: at 120,536 kilometers it is only a little smaller than Jupiter. It revolves around the Sun in 12 years, and rotates a little more than 10 hours. Like Jupiter, Saturn is composed of mostly gas, and has a core composed of rock and metallic hydrogen. The surface of Saturn looks banded, and has a brown-yellow, butterscotch color. Saturn’s rings are probably composed of small particles of ice and rock. Saturn has 62 moons (as of 2016). It is named for the Roman god of agriculture.
Uranus is 51,118 kilometers in diameter, about 4.4 times the size of the Earth. It revolves around the Sun slowly, taking 84 years to complete one orbit. It rotates in about 17 hours. It is covered by a thick layer of gas, and has a fairly uniform blue-green color. Uranus has 27 moons (as of 2016) and is surrounded by a system of nine rings. It is named for another Roman god, the grandfather of Jupiter
Neptune is slightly smaller than Uranus, with a diameter of 49,500 kilometers. It circles the Sun once every 165 years, and rotates in 16 hours. Its atmosphere appears blue , and is marked by large dark blue storm systems. It is surrounded by a system of five rings and at least 14 moons. Neptune is named for the Roman god of the ocean.
Answer:
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Explanation:
Question 10:
1. Review planet order and relative sizes in our solar system.
Display the NASA illustration: All Planet Sizes. Ask students to point out the location of Earth. Then challenge them to identify all of the planets, outward from the sun (left to right): inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars; outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Remind students that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system; it was downgraded to the status of dwarf planet in 2006. Point out the locations of the asteroid belt (between Mars and Jupiter) and Kuiper belt (past Pluto) if they were included in this illustration. Explain to students that the illustration shows the planets in relative size. Ask: What do you think relative size means? Elicit from students that the pictures show how big the planets are when compared to each other and to the sun. Ask: Which planet is the smallest? (Mercury) Which is the largest? (Jupiter)
2. Have students gather data and compare planet sizes.
Divide students into small groups. Distribute one copy of the worksheet Planetary Size Comparison to each group. Have groups use the Planet Size Comparison interactive to find and record data on planet diameters and ratios. Ask:
What do you notice about the size of the planets? (Possible response: The inner, rocky planets are smaller than the outer, gaseous planets.)
How do you think the sizes of the planets compare? (Possible response: There is a big difference in the sizes of the planets. Some are fairly small and others are extremely large.)
Would it be easy to model the planet sizes? Why or why not? (Possible response: No, because of the great differences in size.)
How could we model differences? What everyday objects could represent planets and the sun? (Possible responses: peas/beach ball; grains of sand/orange)
Have students discuss the answers in their small groups. Then regroup as a class to discuss students’ ideas.
3. Build background about the astronomical unit (AU).
Explain to students that an astronomical unit, or AU, is a simplified number used to describe a planet’s distance from the sun. It is a unit of length equal to the average distance from Earth to sun, approximately 149,600,000 kilometers (92,957,000 miles). Only Earth can be assigned AU 1. Planets farther away would have AU greater than 1; planets closer would have AU less than 1. Ask: Why do you think scientists find it helpful to use astronomical units? (Possible response: Distances in the solar system are very large. Using AU helps keep the numbers manageable, or smaller, so we can easily calculate very large distances.) What are the challenges of using kilometers or miles instead? (Possible response: Using kilometers or miles would make calculations more difficult and could produce errors in measurements required to accurately send a probe or lander to another planet.) Explain to students that the astronomical unit provides a way to express and relate distances of objects in the solar system and to carry out astronomical calculations. For example, stating that the planet Jupiter is 5.2 AU (5.2 Earth distances) from the sun and that Pluto is nearly 40 AU allows you to more easily compare the distances of all three bodies.
4. Introduce the modeling activity.
Tell students that they are going to stand in for the planets and planetary objects in order to create a model of relative planetary sizes and relative distances. Display the NASA illustration: How Big is the Sun? to give students a sense of the relative sizes of planets compared to an everyday object like a basketball. Make sure students understand that the distances between the planets are very large compared to the sizes of each planet. This makes it extremely difficult to create an exact scale of our solar system, so this activity will focus on the distance comparison.
5. Have groups create models of relative planetary distances.
Divide students into groups of 9, 10 or 11, depending on class size. (If 9, one student represents the sun and the remaining students represent 8 planets; If 10, the sun, planets, and asteroid belt; If 11, the sun, planets, asteroid belt, and Kuiper Belts) Take students to a large area, such as the gymnasium or empty parking lot. You’ll need enough space for each group to spread out and create their model, using the following scale, with each step equaling approximately 1 meter (about 3.28 feet):
Sun: stands at the edge of the area
Mercury = 1 step from sun
Venus = 2 steps from sun
Earth = 2.5 steps from sun
Mars = 4 steps from sun
Asteroid belt = 8 steps from sun
Jupiter = 13 steps from sun
Saturn = 24 steps from sun
Uranus = 49 steps from sun
Neptune = 76 steps from sun
Kuiper belt = 100 steps from sun
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