Question 1-FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Motor nerve carries messages to the _____________ and ______________.
2. ____________ nerves emerge from the brain and reach organs in the head region.
3. The human brain is enveloped by three membranes called ________.
4. Reflex actions are the actions controlled by ____________.
5. Breathing and heartbeat are controlled by the ________.
Answers
Answer:
1. brain or spinal cord2. Cranial nerves3. Meninges, singular meninx, three membranous envelopes—pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater—that surround the brain and spinal cord.4. spinal cord.5. The brain stem
Explanation:
1. We have three types of nerves: motor nerves that carry messages from brain or spinal cord to motor organs only, sensory nerves that carry messages from sensory organs to spinal cord or brain only and mixed nerves that carry messages to and from both sides.2. The cranial nerves emerge from the base of the brain and lead to muscles and sense organs in the head and neck for the most part.3. Meninges, singular meninx, three membranous envelopes—pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater—that surround the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles of the brain and the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid.4. A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain.5. The brain stem, at the bottom of the brain, connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. It includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. It controls fundamental body functions such as breathing, eye movements, blood pressure, heartbeat, and swallowing.