Question 1: If we consider the image of Pakistan and India in international community, India is more popular than Pakistan in US, Canada, and Great Britain due to Bollywood. Justify the statement in context of Soft Power of states.
Question 2: In today’s world, non-state actors are more powerful than state. Agree with the statement or not? Argue, in light of realism and liberalism
Answers
Answer 1:
Soft power is the capacity to co-opt rather than coerce others in international politics in direct contrast to hard power.
Films are regarded to be important in soft power since they speak in a global language and are heavily influenced by a country's culture, philosophy, and social behaviours.
Bollywood, a neologism of 'Bombay' and 'Hollywood [the home of the American film industry]', has long been used to refer to the prominent Hindi film industry and films produced in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay.
The reach of the soft power of Bollywood can be gauged from the fact that Bollywood movies are one of the highest-earning movies in China and Pakistan, two of India's foes.
Answer 2:
Nation-states are the primary actors in world politics, but they are not the only ones.
Thousands of international organisations were formed in the post-World War II era, but they were overlooked by international relations students. The rise in the number of international organisations corresponds to the rise in economic, political, social, and cultural transactions among individuals, societies, and states.
Some international relations analysts have recently concluded that states are dwindling in importance while non-state actors are gaining status and influence as a result of the growth of non-state entities.
Take the Taliban in Afghanistan for example. After the Fall of Kabul in 2021, they gained power in Aghanistan. But still, no country recognizes it.
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Answer:
Answer 1
- As opposed to hard power, soft power in international politics refers to the ability to co-opt rather than compel others.
- Since movies communicate in a universal tongue and are greatly impacted by a nation's culture, philosophy, and social behaviors, films are said to be significant in soft power.
- Bollywood, a neologism combining "Bombay" and "Hollywood" (the center of the American film industry), has long been used to refer to Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, and the well-known Hindi film industry.
- Bollywood films rank among the highest-grossing films in China and Pakistan, two of India's rivals, providing insight into the soft power of the industry.
Answer 2
- The states or governments of the nations are considered state actors.
- Non-State Actors are organizations or people with the ability to have an impact on state actors' actions.
- The main actors in international politics are nation-states, but they are not the only ones.
- The post-World War II era saw the creation of thousands of international organizations, but scholars of international relations ignored them.
- The growth in economic, political, social, and cultural exchanges between people, communities, and nations has corresponded to the growth in the number of international organizations.
- According to current research, non-state actors are becoming more powerful and influential while governments are losing significance as a result of the expansion of non-state organizations.
- Nation-states' foreign policy decisions are heavily influenced by non-state actors, who also play a vital part in the process.
- They mobilize their home or host states, as well as national and international public opinion, and engage in domestic and international lobbying.
- Consider the Taliban in Afghanistan. They took control of Afghanistan when Kabul fell in 2021. Still, no nation has recognized it.
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