Question
1.) what is COVALENT BOND?
2.) Types of Covalent bond ?exaplain
3.) PROPERTIES of covalent bond?
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1.) Covalent bond is a chemical bond which involve the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms and two atoms are valence electron in opposite to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds.
2.) Types of covalent bond:-
Single bond:-A covalent bond formed by the mutual sharing of one electron pair between two atoms is called a "Single Covalent bond." It is denoted by single short line In single bond formation each atom provide one electron.
Double bond:-A covalent bond formed between two atoms by the mutual sharing of two electron pairs is called a "double covalent bond". It is denoted by double short line
Triple bond:-A covalent bond formed by the mutual sharing of three electron pairs is called a "Triple covalent bond". It is denoted by triple short line
Polar bond:-A covalent bond formed between two different atoms is known as Polar covalent bond. For example when a Covalent bond is formed between H and Cl , it is polar in nature because Cl is more electronegative than H atom . Therefore, electron cloud is shifted towards Cl atom. Due to this reason a partial -ve charge appeared on Cl atom and an equal +ve charge on H atom
Non-polar bond:-A covalent bond formed between two like atoms is known as Non-polar bond. Since difference of electronegativity is zero therefore, both atoms attract electron pair equally and no charge appears on any atom and the whole molecule becomes neutral. Examples: H - H Cl - Cl F - F
Examples of covalent bonding:-
PCl3 CH3CH2OH O3 - ozone H2 - hydrogen H2O - water HCl - hydrogen chloride CH4 - methane NH3 - ammonia CO2 - carbon dioxide
3.) Properties of covalent (molecular) compounds :
(i) They have low melting points and boiling points.
(ii) They have low densities, i.e., their density is generally less than that of water.
(iii) They are generally gaseous or volatile liquids or soft solids.
(iv) They are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.
(v) They are bad conductors of electricity.
2.) Types of covalent bond:-
Single bond:-A covalent bond formed by the mutual sharing of one electron pair between two atoms is called a "Single Covalent bond." It is denoted by single short line In single bond formation each atom provide one electron.
Double bond:-A covalent bond formed between two atoms by the mutual sharing of two electron pairs is called a "double covalent bond". It is denoted by double short line
Triple bond:-A covalent bond formed by the mutual sharing of three electron pairs is called a "Triple covalent bond". It is denoted by triple short line
Polar bond:-A covalent bond formed between two different atoms is known as Polar covalent bond. For example when a Covalent bond is formed between H and Cl , it is polar in nature because Cl is more electronegative than H atom . Therefore, electron cloud is shifted towards Cl atom. Due to this reason a partial -ve charge appeared on Cl atom and an equal +ve charge on H atom
Non-polar bond:-A covalent bond formed between two like atoms is known as Non-polar bond. Since difference of electronegativity is zero therefore, both atoms attract electron pair equally and no charge appears on any atom and the whole molecule becomes neutral. Examples: H - H Cl - Cl F - F
Examples of covalent bonding:-
PCl3 CH3CH2OH O3 - ozone H2 - hydrogen H2O - water HCl - hydrogen chloride CH4 - methane NH3 - ammonia CO2 - carbon dioxide
3.) Properties of covalent (molecular) compounds :
(i) They have low melting points and boiling points.
(ii) They have low densities, i.e., their density is generally less than that of water.
(iii) They are generally gaseous or volatile liquids or soft solids.
(iv) They are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.
(v) They are bad conductors of electricity.
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♡COVALENT BOND
●It is the bond formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms.
●2 electrons shared - one bond
●4 electrons shared - double bond ( oxygen)
●6 electrons shared - triple bond ( nitrogen)
♡TYPES.
■SIGMA BOND
●It is the strong bond.
●it is formed by sideways overlapping
●in a molecule only one sigma bond will be present
■ PI BOND
●It is the weak bond
●It is formed by head to head overlapping
●in a molecule one or more pi bonds are present
♡PROPERTIES
●Low boiling points and melting points.
●Various colors.
●Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
●Brittle solids.
●It is the bond formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms.
●2 electrons shared - one bond
●4 electrons shared - double bond ( oxygen)
●6 electrons shared - triple bond ( nitrogen)
♡TYPES.
■SIGMA BOND
●It is the strong bond.
●it is formed by sideways overlapping
●in a molecule only one sigma bond will be present
■ PI BOND
●It is the weak bond
●It is formed by head to head overlapping
●in a molecule one or more pi bonds are present
♡PROPERTIES
●Low boiling points and melting points.
●Various colors.
●Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
●Brittle solids.
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