Question

Question 10 What is the significance of juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?

Class - XI - Biology Chapter Excretory Products and their Elimination Page No. 301

Answer 1

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is a complex structure made up of a few cells of glomerulus, distal tubule, and afferent and efferent arterioles. It is located in a specialised region of a nephron, wherein the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule (DLT) come in direct contact with each other. The juxtaglomerular apparatus contains specialised cells of the afferent arteriole known as juxtaglomerular cells. These cells contain the enzyme renin that can sense blood pressure. When glomerular blood flow (or glomerular blood pressure or glomerular filtration rate) decreases, it activates juxtaglomerular cells to release renin. Renin converts the angiotensinogen in blood into angiotensin I and further into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor that increases the glomerular blood pressure and filtration rate. Angiotensin II also stimulates the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland to produce aldosterone. Aldosterone increases the rate of absorption of sodium ions and water from the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. This mechanism, known as renin-angiotensin mechanism, ultimately leads to an increased blood pressure.

Answer 2

The significance of juxtaglomerular apparatus is as follows:

Explanation:

• The juxta glomerular apparatus is a collection of specialized cells that develop from the afferent arteriole and the distal convulated tubule.
• The function of the juxta glomerular apparatus is to help in maintaining the blood pressure as well as glomerular filtration rate.
• The juxta glomerular cells promote the secretion of renin. This result in production of aldosterone and thus regulate the process of salt absorption and regulation of blood pressure.

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