Question 2:
A State must protect the lives and rights of its citizens. However, at times its own actions are a source of violence against some of its citizens. Comment with the help of some examples
Answers
ANSWER :
A State's main function is to maintain peace ,law and order. The state protects the lives, properties and rights of citizens. The state protects the citizens from thieves, corrupt industrialists or businessman and from the anti-social elements of the society. Those who violates the law punished by the state. But sometimes action of the state are a source of violence against some of its citizens. Violence is often rooted in the very structure of the society.In India due to the presence of the presence of the caste system certain people were treated as untouchables. Though under the Constitution, untouchability has been abolished but in practice even today it exist in one form or the other. Indian society is dominated by men and discrimination is done against women. Women are subordinates to men.
In dictatorship, actions of the dictator are the source of violence against some of its citizens. In America until 1865, slavery existed. In Germany during Hitler's regime genocide was committed.In South Africa ,policy of racial discrimination was followed until 1992. In certain country the policy of racial discrimination is followed even today.
Immigrants from Asia, Latin America and Africa not treated well in western countries. Problem of communalism exist in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc. Due to communalism people of the minority religion suffer. In Myanmar under the military regime,many citizens are put in jail. Aung San Suu Kyi , the leading opposition leader and winner of Nobel Peace Prize was kept under House arrest from 1989 to 1995. The Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia was a horrible example of violence. Rwanda witness the number of nearly half a million Tutsis by Hutus during 1994.
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This is correct to some extent that at times government's own actions are a source of violence against some of its citizens.
(i)The Armed Forces Special Power Act, 1958 in Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura has been a source of violence against the citizens of these states. As the Act has resulted in large-scale violation of the rights of citizens.
This Act allows provides immunity to the armed forces from arrest or from being tried in court.
(ii)Another example of state violence on civilians is related to land acquisition. In the name of development, the state take over the productive land. This was exemplified in Nandigram and Singur in West Bengal, where the civilians had to bear the brunt of police brutalities.