Question 2:
Briefly discuss the three principles of justice outlined in the chapter. Explain each with examples.
Answers
ANSWER :
'Justice is of most important in modern democratic state.' Justice is that in which a man has a well set and disciplined life. There are three basic principles of Justice :
1.Equal treatment for equals :
One of the basic principle of justice is equal treatment for equals. As all persons are human beings therefore all human beings should have equal rights and equal treatment. in democratic countries generally the rights that are given to citizens include civil rights as a right to life, equality, Liberty, property, etc.; Political rights such as right to vote, right to be elected,etc. citizen should enjoy not only equal rights but they should be treated equal. The State should not discriminate against any Citizen on Grounds of religion, race, caste, gender, place of birth on any of them. There should be equal wages for equal work for both men and women. If a male doctor working in a civil hospital is getting more salary than a lady doctor working in the Civil Hospital, then it is unjust.
2. Proportionate justice :
Proportionate justice is another basic principle of Justice. It is not essential that in all types of circumstances everybody should be treated equal. To treat everybody equal can be unjust. For example, in a school if all the students studying in class 10th are given 90% marks, it would be unfair and unjust. Justice demands that each student should be given marks on the basis of their performance in the exam. Similarly workers should be given wages on the basis of their nature of work,i.e quantity of work. Thus it is fair and just that different kind of work should be rewarded differently.
3. Recognition of special needs :
Another basic principle of justice is to be recognition to the special needs of the people. Indian Constitution provides Right to Equality to all citizens. However state can make special provisions for women and children. Moreover the state can make special provision for the Welfare and advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled caste and Scheduled Tribes. Arthur Oban says, “Society cannot stop rain, but it does manufacturer umbrellas.” In many countries age and physical disabilities are considered grounds for special treatment.
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