Question 3.
a) What are Time Zones? How many Time Zones do we have? (2)
b) Mention two important properties of Meridians. (2)
c) With reference to parallels of latitudes answer the following –
i. What are Latitudes?
ii. Why are the lines of latitudes also known as parallels of latitudes?
iii. State any two important latitudes with its degree. (3)
d) With reference to International Date Line answer the following
questions-
i. Define - International Date Line.
ii. Which longitude has been selected for the International Date Line?
iii. Describe the use of this line. (3)
Question 4.
a) What causes the slight flattening of the Earth at the two poles and the bulge at
the Equator? (2)
b) State two reasons for the change of seasons on the Earth. (2)
c) What are the effects of Rotation of the Earth? (any 3 points) (3)
d) Differentiate between Aphelion and Perihelion. (any 3 points) (3)
Questions 5.
a) Why is the Lithosphere also known as the “mineral skin”? (2)
b) How does SIAL differ from SIMA? (2)
c) Differentiate between Rocks and Minerals. (3)
d) i. What is Metamorphism?
ii. State any two causes of Metamorphism. (3)
Answers
Answer:
The time zone is a region of a globe that tells us standard time. Time zones tends to follow the boundaries of the countries. There are 24 time zones on earth if each time is having 1 hr difference.
Important properties of meridians are- they all meet at the poles, the distance decreases as we go from the equator towards the poles, the distance between any two meridians is longest at the equator which is near about 11km, all meridians are of same length and are semi circles.
A line of latitude is the lines going west to east on any map. They are known as that because they go parallel, Important lines of latitude and longitude are the arctic circle, the Antarctic circle, the equator, the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer
In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles.
Circles of latitude are often called parallels because they are parallel to each other; that is, planes that contain any of these circles never intersect each other. A location's position along a circle of latitude is given by its longitude
1. Equator (Latitude 0o)
2. Tropic of Cancer (Latitude 23.5oN)
3. Tropic of Capricorn (Latitude 23.5oS)
4. Arctic Circle (Latitude 66.5oN).
5. Antarctic Circle (Latitude 66.5oS).
The International Date Line, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth. It is located halfway round the world from the prime meridian—the zero degrees longitude established in Greenwich, England, in 1852
The International Date Line serves as the "line of demarcation" between two consecutive calendar dates. ... The International Date Line, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth
The 180-degree meridian was chosen because it runs mostly through open ocean in the central Pacific, zigging and zagging to keep nearby nations on their own day and date. So the choice of 180 degrees was arbitrary, but it established the IDL in use today.
The International Date Line functions as a “ line of demarcation ” separating two consecutive calendar dates. When you cross the date line, you become a time traveler of sorts! Cross to the west and it's one day later; cross back and you've “gone back in time."
The Earth has poles which are flattened because of the centrifugal force that acts on its poles while it rotates. The rotating of the earth in the angles makes it also bulge at the equator. ... Due to the great speed, there occurs a flattening of the surface near the poles.
Remind students that the two reasons seasons occur are the tilt of a planet's axis and its orbit around the sun. Ask: A planet's axis might have a smaller or larger tilt than Earth's.
Effects of Rotation of the Earth
The spinning of the earth on its axis causes days to turn into nights. A difference of one hour is created between two meridians which are 15 degrees apart. A change in the direction of wind and ocean currents. The rise and fall of tided every day.
Remember that the Earth orbits the Sun in an elliptical path—which is oval, not circular. It's 3 million miles nearer every January than in July at its farthest point. Aphelion is the point of the Earth's orbit that is farthest away from the Sun. Perihelion is the point of the Earth's orbit that is nearest to the Sun.
Lithosphere is also known as the 'Mineral Skin' because it is the layer of the uppermost crust of the Earth composed of rocks and minerals
The sial is the part of the crust that is above water. ... The sima is the layer of the Earth's crust that covers the entire planet. The sial is different in that it can begin and end where the plates do. You can think of the sima as the ocean floors
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. ... A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter.
Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change). ... Metamorphism produced with increasing pressure and temperature conditions is known as prograde metamorphism.
There are 3 main agents that cause metamorphism. Factors that cause an increase in Temperature, Pressure, and Chemical changes are the three agents that we are going to study. Temperature increases can be caused by layers of sediments being buried deeper and deeper under the surface of the Earth.
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Explanation:
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