Question 3 Explain with examples: macronutrients, micronutrients, beneficial nutrients, toxic elements and essential elements.
Class XI Biology Chapter - Mineral Nutrition Page 205
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Macronutrients are chemical substances required for growth and other human body functions. Humans and animals need macronutrients in larger quantities compared to micronutrients. They contribute to the bulk energy needed for a living organism’s metabolic system.
Micronutrients are chemical substances required for various functions of the body, growth, and disease prevention. Furthermore, they are essential for overall health of human beings. Humans and animals consume micronutrients in smaller quantities compared to macronutrients. They provide the required cofactors for human body metabolism to be carried out.
Nutrients rich in
Macronutrients: Cereals (rice, wheat, barley), legumes, meat, fish, yams, potatoes, nuts, oil seeds are rich in macronutrients.
Micronutrients: Mainly vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, green leafy vegetables, fermented foods, germinated foods are rich in micronutrients.
Deficiency Diseases
Macronutrients: Deficiency of macronutrients can cause protein-energy malnutrition, Kwashiorkor, marasmus.
Micronutrients: Deficiency of micronutrients can cause
Vitamin A deficiency – night blindness, Xerophthalmia, keratomalaciaIron deficiency – AnemiaIodine deficiency – GoiterThiamin deficiency – BeriberiRiboflavin deficiency – StomatitisNiacin deficiency – PellagraVitamin C – Scurvy
Excesses Diseases
Macronutrients: Obesity, Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome can be caused by the excess of macronutrients.
Micronutrients: Vitamin overdoses can harm to the human body organs such as the liver.
Hope it helps you.......!!
Micronutrients are chemical substances required for various functions of the body, growth, and disease prevention. Furthermore, they are essential for overall health of human beings. Humans and animals consume micronutrients in smaller quantities compared to macronutrients. They provide the required cofactors for human body metabolism to be carried out.
Nutrients rich in
Macronutrients: Cereals (rice, wheat, barley), legumes, meat, fish, yams, potatoes, nuts, oil seeds are rich in macronutrients.
Micronutrients: Mainly vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, green leafy vegetables, fermented foods, germinated foods are rich in micronutrients.
Deficiency Diseases
Macronutrients: Deficiency of macronutrients can cause protein-energy malnutrition, Kwashiorkor, marasmus.
Micronutrients: Deficiency of micronutrients can cause
Vitamin A deficiency – night blindness, Xerophthalmia, keratomalaciaIron deficiency – AnemiaIodine deficiency – GoiterThiamin deficiency – BeriberiRiboflavin deficiency – StomatitisNiacin deficiency – PellagraVitamin C – Scurvy
Excesses Diseases
Macronutrients: Obesity, Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome can be caused by the excess of macronutrients.
Micronutrients: Vitamin overdoses can harm to the human body organs such as the liver.
Hope it helps you.......!!
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Answer:
- Macronutrients – Nutrients present in more than 10mmole kg-1 of dry matter in plant tissues are known as macronutrients. They are required in large amounts for plant growth. Ex: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Potassium, calcium and magnesium.
- Micronutrients – are the trace elements present in less than 10mmole kg-1 of dry matter in plant. Example – manganese, copper, zinc, boron, nickel
- Beneficial elements – In addition to 17essential nutrients there are some beneficial elements required by higher plants in addition to micro and macronutrients. Ex: Sodium, Silicon, Cobalt and selenium.
- Toxic elements are those which are required in trace amount. Their deficiency causes diseases in plants and excess in such nutrients are toxic to plants. Ex: Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium .
- Essential elements – It is an element that directly interferes in the metabolism of the plant causing a specific deficiency symptom if not available to plants from an external source.
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