Question 5:
Differentiate between the major approaches, discussed in the chapter, to the establishment of peace in the world.
Answers
ANSWER :
Different devices and approaches have been used to maintain peace. There are three major approaches which are as follows:
1.First approach is the respect of sovereignty of the state. Each state is sovereign and all states are equal. The United Nations is based on the sovereign equality of all its members. Competition among the states is a fact of life. Peace can be maintained by proper management of competition. Conflicts between States can be avoided by ‘Balance of Power’. Morgenthan has asserted the importance of ‘Balance of Power’ in very strong terms . In the 19th Century system of balance of power existed in Europe. There were five major powers or essential actors. It is ideal if any combination of actors within alliances is possible so long as no alliance give a marked preponderance in capabilities. This system is maintained by the fact that even though a nation desires to become predominant in itself it prevents any other Nation from accomplishing such an act in order to protect its own interest.
2. Second approach emphasised on interstate rivalry but it also stresses on the positive aspect ,i.e interdependence of States. No state is self sufficient. Interdependence has increase the economic and social cooperation among the States. In the late 20th century the revolution in the means of communication has changed the world into a ‘global village’ by lessening its distance. Globalisation has encouraged the emergence of world society. General Agreement on Trade and Tariff, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund and World Bank etc., has brought the countries of the world close to each other. Consequently, Global conflict would be reduced.
3. Third approach considers the State system to be a passing phase of human history. This approach envisages the emergence of super national order and ultimately the establishment of a world state. Global economy, Expansion of industrialisation and MNCs and world wide organisations has brought the countries of the world close to each other. This will diminish primacy and sovereignty of the state and conditions will be created which will be conducive to World Peace.
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